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peds 331 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when can they roll over from back to belly

A

6 months

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2
Q

lift chest off floor but not belly

A

4 months

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3
Q

recognize image in mirror

A

5 months

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4
Q

vision at birth

A

8-10”

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5
Q

1 yr and toddler love to be _____

A

naked

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6
Q

turn head and follow

A

4 month

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7
Q

directed reach

A

6 month (communicate and coordination)

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8
Q

tooth eruption

A

6 months - drool, small fever, gum inflam, no liquor or oragel (gag reflex), cold chew good

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9
Q

sit with support

A

6 months

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10
Q

no head lag, in plane

A

6 months

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11
Q

sit alone - tripod

A

7 months

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12
Q

sit unsupported

A

8 months

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13
Q

sit from prone or supine

A

10 months

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14
Q

bounce when held in standing position

A

6 months

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15
Q

stand holding furniture and pull up

A

9 months

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16
Q

cruise

A

10 - 12 months

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17
Q

stand erect with minimal support

A

11 months

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18
Q

stand alone for variable amount of time

A

12 months

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19
Q

original walking position

A

arms out and wide stance (balance), flat feet (fat pad)

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20
Q

pull up to sitting if you grasp hands

A

6 months

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21
Q

pull to stand

A

6 - 12 months

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22
Q

pull up

A

9 months (adjust crib bed lower)

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23
Q

arm coordination (push back

A

4 - 6 months

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24
Q

bear all weight on legs

A

6 -7 months

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25
Q

crawl forward on belly

A

8 - 10 months

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26
Q

creep

A

11 months

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27
Q

independent walking

A

15 months

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28
Q

pincer grasp develops

A

8 - 9 months

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29
Q

refined pincer grasp

A

11 - 12 months
develop with finger food

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30
Q

transfer hand to hand

A

7 months

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31
Q

object permanence

A

10 months - 12
search for things, memory, affects attachment and play, piaget

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32
Q

bring to mouth

A

4 - 6 months
bottle and feet, raking, choking!

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33
Q

biologic growth: infant

A

lose 10%, normal by 2 weeks, 1 oz/day till 6 months, double by 6 months, triple by 1 year
1”/ month, 50% by 1 year
occipital circumference -> brain, P, fluid
anterior (12-18, hydration - sunken/bulging), posterior (6 -8 wk)

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34
Q

infant RR

A

30-40

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35
Q

infant bp

A

75/42

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36
Q

hearing

A

tested at birth

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37
Q

cry 0 - 3 wk

A

1 - 1.5 hr/day

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38
Q

cry 3 - 6 wk

A

2 - 4 hr/day then decrease; vocalization

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39
Q

coo and differentiated cry

A

2 months

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40
Q

consonant sounds, lol

A

3 - 4 months

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41
Q

vowel sounds

A

5 -7 months

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42
Q

imitate and combine syllables

A

8 months

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43
Q

simple commands, “no”

A

9 - 10 months

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44
Q

specific cries

A

12 months

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45
Q

3-5 words besides mama and dada, with meaning

A

12 months

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46
Q

erikson: trust vs mistrust

A

depend on caregiver, quality influences personality, attachment, peer relationships, cant tolerate frustration (cry then war), trust env based on needs being met (trusting)

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47
Q

reflexes

A

how they survive until 3 months
persistent or absent = issue

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48
Q

rooting reflex

A

birth - 3/4 months
head midline, stroke cheek -> infant open mouth and turn head to stim

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49
Q

asymmetric tonic reflex

A

birth - 4/6 months
supine, rotate head to one side, hold 15 sec -> arm and leg extend on facial side, arm and leg on other side flex

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50
Q

babinski reflex

A

birth - 2 years
stroke bottom of sole of foot from heal to toe -> great toe flex and other toes fan

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51
Q

startle reflex

A

Let head fall or loud noise
Extend flex and then arms close

52
Q

piaget: sensorimotor

A

reflexive
primary circular reaction: repetition, habit, all about them
secondary circular reaction: interact with env, cause and effect
coordination of secondary: responses, object perm, intentional actions
intelligence in form of motor action (reflexive to simple repetitive)
separate from others and objects, object permanence, use symbols

53
Q

0 - 6 month toys

A

mobile, mirror, music box, cuddly, soft toy, rattles, teethers

54
Q

7 - 12 months toys

A

security object, peek a boo, mirrors, pots and pans, stack/nest, large ball, activity box
push and pull (11-12 months)
books always appropriate

55
Q

infant safety

A

no walker, always supervise, back seat facing backwards 5 point until 2 years

56
Q

infancy stress

A

loss of caregiver, light, loud

57
Q

infant sleep

A

up to 20 hours
5 months: through night and 2 naps

58
Q

promote attachment

A

NICU
he lights up, knows you, etc
explore and mom base
6 - 8 wk: social smile
3 mo: excite
6 mo: personable, bounding
8 mo: imitate sounds
10 mo: pat a cake and peek a boo

59
Q

infant discipline

A

9 - 10 months = no, stop, simple commands

60
Q

stranger anxiety

A

9 - 10 months
peak at 1 year - good attachment

61
Q

stranger fear

A

6 - 7 months

62
Q

spoil

A

when you give into demands, not with love

63
Q

erikson: autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

toddlers
control over body
set limits, dress self, “mine”, “no”

64
Q

piaget: toddlers

A

see and apply knowledge, symbols, problem solve, egocentrism, can think about something without it being present, animistic thought

65
Q

toddlers: growth

A

5-6 lbs/year
5”/year
teeth!

66
Q

toddler body

A

lordosis, fat feet, bowed leg, pot belly, head heavy (drown!), slide downstairs on belly

67
Q

15 months

A

walk without help, two cubes, whole palm scribble, round peg in board

68
Q

18 months

A

feed self, spoon decent, throw ball

69
Q

24 months

A

run okay, up steps (monkey), copy circle and line

70
Q

3 years

A

pedal, stairs, step, draw circle

71
Q

normal toddler behavior

A

doesnt share, doesnt play with others, focus on control and gross motor play

72
Q

toddler language

A

comprehension, ~300 by 2 year and multiword sentences, 65% understandable by 3 years (speech)

73
Q

toddler play

A

mutliple use of sense, increase control of body, parallel and imitation play (tricks, dress up, dishes, cleaning -> what mom and dad do), rough and tumble, dont share

74
Q

toddler toys

A

pull toys, picture books, rhymes, paper to sribble, large blocks to stack, simple puzzles, stuffed animals

75
Q

sibling rivalry

A

natural, older kid stressed, prep asap, protect infant, spend time with each

76
Q

negativism

A

give options but not no

77
Q

temper tantrums

A

consistency, expectations and rewards, reasonable consequences, ignore, protect, normal to hold breath

78
Q

toddler stress

A

negative, regress, rigid
dark separation
prep for event (1 year = 1 day before)
let them dress and be independent with food
understand more than they can express (citing)
security object - have multiple
routine = security

79
Q

potty train

A

3 years
12 - 18 months: sphincter control - verbalize!

80
Q

preschooler stress

A

imagination - supernatural, ghosts, monster, noise, bad people

81
Q

preschooler growth

A

5 lbs; 2.5 - 3”
legs elongate - not potbelly, coordinated, sports

82
Q

all primary teeth

A

5 - 6 yrs
early - early puberty

83
Q

3+ years

A

tricycle, broad jump, balance on tip toe, balance on foot for few seconds, simple puzzles, clay, finger paint, copy cross or circle, stack 9

84
Q

4 years: motor

A

skip and hop on 1 foot, catch ball reliably, copy crosses and squares, print some letters, use utensils skillfully, cut on line, stick figure

85
Q

5 years: motor

A

throw and catch well, balance on alternate feet, skate and swim, increase strength and refinement of skills, hand preference, laces, grasp pencil, color in lines, cut and past simple shapes, can draw several body parts

86
Q

preschooler play

A

learn and emotion (drawing)
associative: group at end, without rigid organization or rules
imagination, skills, language and social dev, like to help
cooperative - imaginative and imitative
imaginary friend okay unless scapegoat
role play!
know gender - sex roles
want to please, silly
view parents as all knowing
magical thinking

87
Q

preschooler toys

A

clay, sandbox, ball, blocks, puzzles, books, crayons, finger paints, records/tapes, climbing, zoo, playdough, crayons, dress up, story telling

88
Q

erikson: initiative vs guilt

A

preschooler
want to try everything, guilt when fail
wish negative things and feel guilty for it (they cant make things happen)
conscience develops, verbal warnings, explore, variety, imagination
role experimentation

89
Q

piaget preschoolers

A

fantasy and imitative play (appear to understand more than they do), magical thinking (no causality)
totally egocentric - early recognition of others POV
no time, R/L, conservation
simple classification

90
Q

preschool language dev

A

share activities with other kids, listen to stories, share their day, classify
read!

91
Q

language 3-4 yr

A

brief 3-4 word sentences

92
Q

language 4-5 yr

A

adverbs, adjectives, verb variety

93
Q

school ager growth

A

4-6 lbs
2”
slim, muscles (fractures), tight muscles, 12 year molars, orthodontist and dental work, brain growth done

94
Q

erikson: industry vs inferiority

A

school aged
industry: assemble small model, accomplishment
obtain skills to become contributing members of society, personal and interpersonal competence via technologic and social skills
activities that require practice, music, small and short hobbies and projects
need reinforcement of process rather than product
need to feel good about themselves (insulin)

95
Q

school aged play

A

increased skill, intellectual ability, fantasy, groups! (be with peers) - belonging/team
conformity -> ritual
explore env, success in school, compete and cooperate, rules, observe and classify, imagination and social development, team, logical, sequential and deductive
projects with real equipment, radio/tape, action figures, book, games, TV, video games, movies
longer attention span -> quiet activities, structured activities
competitive, table games
boy and girl separate

96
Q

bike

A

6 - 8 years

97
Q

throw ball

A

8 - 10

98
Q

piaget school aged

A

conservation, less rigid and egocentric
think about consequences

99
Q

school aged characteristics

A

sleep more before growthspurt
peers! same sex
conform to rules
utensils - cut own meat
bullying and jealousy
group and classify - collect
read!

100
Q

school aged: stress

A

school failure, home alone, unattractive

101
Q

erikson: identity vs role confusion

A

adolescent
through experiment and testing, accept changed body, value system, career, emancipated, integrate opinions of others into likes/dislikes, intimacy, need to interact with many others
encourage group, praise, help explore career, ritual for passages, know friends, structured env

102
Q

adolescent growth F

A

2-8”, 15 - 55 lbs, early puberty growth the most

103
Q

adolescent growth M

A

4 - 12”, 15 - 65 lbs, grow most in mid puberty

104
Q

piaget: adolescent

A

logic, consequences, future, love, religion, career, hypothetical
abstract thinking, think about how they feel, symbolic, reasoning
self absorbed but can see other’s POV - learn from watch/share
spirituality, faith
invincibility
self conscious, no one feels this way, cause oriented, justic, it cant happen to me

105
Q

how can adults help adolescents develop

A

dont take it personally, discuss behavior/consequences, ask to share POV, provide service opportunities

106
Q

adolescents and peers

A

comparison (early vs late puberty), believe they are on stage, want approval (hazards), resilliency

107
Q

adolescent play

A

role play
organized rec

108
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

pubic hair, menarche or penis growth, voice change, underarm hair, facial hair, oil, sweat, ance

109
Q

F secondary sex characteristics

A

breast first then period within 2 years
13 or within 2 year = delay
precoscious

110
Q

M secondary sex characteristics

A

9.5 - 14 = testes enlarge
pubic
14
9

111
Q

adolescent characteristics

A

be open for Qs
parent affection awkward
sleep longer
clumsy
on stage, indestructible (frontal lobe)
want to fit in

112
Q

how to feed infants

A

no corn syrup, honey, cow milk
20 oz at 1 month, 30 oz by 6 months, formula/breast milk until 4-5 (we like 6)
bottle gone by 12 months, no juice in bottle (1/2 and 1/2)
no water <6 months - electrolytes

113
Q

introducing solids

A

cereal/rice 4-6 months with milk/formula, juice from cup and mix with cereal (Fe)
strained food
6 -7 months: finger food
9 - 12 months: chopped food
no raw apple with skin
1 at a time 5 - 7 days
whole milk until 2 years

114
Q

toddlers and preschoolers nutrition

A

toddlers: physiologic anorexia, food jag, graze, qual > quan
preschoolers: dont eat as much in general, qual > quan

115
Q

choking hazard food

A

grapes, hard candy, popcorn, hot dogs, raw mini carrots, other smooth-hard food

116
Q

food to avoid for 1st year

A

nut, strawberries, wheat, shellfish, egg whites, citrus

117
Q

live immunization

A

MMR, varicella, flumist

118
Q

hold live immunizations

A

pregnant, immunocompromised (steroids, chemo), <12, severe febrile, prior reaction

119
Q

immunization reaction concern

A

anaphylactic

120
Q

infant car seats

A

back seat, face back, 5 point until 2 years

121
Q

toddler car seat

A

5 point back seat, federally approved

122
Q

school aged car seat

A

back seat <12
20 - 40 lbs = harness straps through back of seat over shoulder, no shield
40 - 80 lbs = belt positioning booster seat
80 lbs and > 4’9” = seat belt

123
Q

toddlers safety

A

locked, not just out of reach

124
Q

firearms

A

not in household or locked

125
Q

seat belt

A

must cross clavicle and hip bone or booster

peds 331 (28 decks)

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