G + D - preschool Flashcards
biologic growth
weight gain 5 lbs/yr
height grow 2.5-3”/yr
all baby teeth in, no new teeth develop, can lose
legs elongate rather than trunk
muscle development but bone growth not mature so prone to injury
motor development - gross
3 yr: ride tricycle, broad jump, balance on tiptoe, balance on foot for a few seconds
4 yr: skips and hops on one foot, catch ball reliably
5yr: throw and catch ball well, balance on alternate feet, begin to skate and swim, increase strength and refinement of fine and gross motor skills
motor development - fine
3 yr: assemble simple puzzles, manipulate clay, finger paint, copies simple shapes (cross or circle), stack block up to 9 high
4 yr: copies crosses and squares, print some letters (upper case), uses table utensils skillfully, cut on line
5 yr: hand preference est, laces (but cant tie, grasp pencil like adult, color within lines, cut and paste simple shapes
drawing
from scribbling to copying shapes to combine shapes to pictoral representations
used to assess intelligence, personality development and psychosocial adjustment
3yr: copy circles - cant draw complete stick figure
4 yr: complete stick figure
5-6 yr: several body parts
stress and coping
separation from parents, supernatural beings, ghosts, monsters, noises, bad people, injury
night light
band aids
distraction
sexuality
sex typing, develop behavior, personality, attitude and beliefs appropriate for his or her culture and sex, this occurs through imitation and childrearing practices
“boys shouldnt, girls shouldnt”
play
associative play: group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules
focus: stim imagination, gross and fine motor skills, lang and social dev
begin cooperative play - imaginative and imitative, imaginary friends, like to help out
brag and boast
TV: make interactive, 2 hrs
kohlberg
preconventional - stage 2
rules not followed when in immediate interest, right action is what satisfies
erikson
initiative vs guilt
want to try everything, guilt when they try and fail and feel they overstepped boundaries
may wish negative things and feel guilty for these thoughts
wishes dont make things happen
superego or conscience develops
learn first what is appropritate, verbal warnings good, remove from danger
need exposure to variety
explore world safely
active imagination
need little guidance in play
time out based on age
piaget
preconceptual (2-4 yrs)
intuitive thought (4-7): play, fantasy and imitative, child from total egocentric to early recognition of others points of view
appear to understand more than they do bc they imitate (R/L, time)
thinking is magical - dont understand causality
unaware of property of conversation
social development
individualism and separation are complete, can cope well with changes in routines but may develop fears, can work through difficult situations and new situations through play
language dev
> 2100 words by 5
3-4: converse in 3-4 word sentences
4-5: begin to use adverbs, adjectives and more variety of verbs
5: can use all parts of speech
can begin to make classifications
interested in sharing activities with other children, listen to stories, begin to read words, encourage to share day
personal/social development
needs little assistance with eating, dressing, toileting
more sociable, very willing to please
may be comparing themselves to peer code of conduct
aware of their own position in the family
silly humor
