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Biochem 2 all topics > Nucleotides and nucleic acid > Flashcards

Nucleotides and nucleic acid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the purines

A

Guanine and adenine

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2
Q

What are the pyrimidines

A

Thymine and cytosine (DNA)

Uracil and cytosine (RNA)

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3
Q

What are nitrogenous base

A

Purine

Pyrimidine

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4
Q

What is a nucleoside

A

Base+Sugar

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5
Q

What is a Nucleotide

A

Base+Sugar+phosphate

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6
Q

What is the starting material for the synthesis of purine nucleotides

A

Ribose-5-phosphate

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7
Q

What is the precursor to other purine nucleotides (guanine + Adenine)

A

Inosine monophosphate (IMP)

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8
Q

What can PRPP be turned into

A

Nuclotide salvge

Biosynthesis of Tryptophan and histidine

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9
Q

What enzyme converts ribose-5-phosphate into PRPP

A

Ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase

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10
Q

What is the first committed step of creating IMP

A

PRP to 5-phosphoribosylamine

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11
Q

What is the first ATP utilizing step in creating IMP

A

5-phosphoribosylamine –> GAR

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12
Q

What is the second ATP utilizing step in making IMP

A

FGAR –> AIR

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13
Q

What is the third ATP utilizing step

A

AIR –> SACAIR

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14
Q

What enzyme turns FAICAR into IMP

A

IMP synthase

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15
Q

what pathways synthesize purine nucleotides

A

Salvage pathways

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16
Q

What does hypoxanthine do to amidophosphoribosyl transferase

A

Inhibits it

17
Q

What are purines degraded into

A

Uric acid

18
Q

What do purines need to be converted into before they are converted into uric acid

A

Xanthine

19
Q

What enzyme converts Xanthine into uric acid

A

Xanthine oxidase

20
Q

What is caused by accumulation of excess uric acid

A

Gout

21
Q

What forms the initial ring structure when synthesizing pyrimidine nucleotides

A

CAD

22
Q

Is cytosine salvageable in humans

A

No

23
Q

What enzyme is used to convert ADP, GDP, UDP, TMP into thier deoxy form to help make deoxynucleotides

A

ribonucleotide reductase

24
Q

What donates nitrogen for purines

A

Aspartate
Glutamine
Glycine

25
Q

What donates nitrogen for pyrimidines

A

Aspartate

Glutamine

26
Q

What donates a carbon (methyl) for purines

A 
Carbon dioxide
Folid Acid (THF)
27
Q

What donates a carbon (methyl) for pyrmidines

A

Aspartate
Bicarbonate
Folid Acid (THF)

28
Q

What is the precursor for purine nucleotides

A

IMP

29
Q

What is the precursor for pyrimdine nucleotide

A

UMP

30
Q

What is IMP converted into

A

GMP

AMP

31
Q

What is UMP converted into

A

CMP

TMP

Biochem 2 all topics (14 decks)

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