Nucleotides and nucleic acid Flashcards
What are the purines
Guanine and adenine
What are the pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine (DNA)
Uracil and cytosine (RNA)
What are nitrogenous base
Purine
Pyrimidine
What is a nucleoside
Base+Sugar
What is a Nucleotide
Base+Sugar+phosphate
What is the starting material for the synthesis of purine nucleotides
Ribose-5-phosphate
What is the precursor to other purine nucleotides (guanine + Adenine)
Inosine monophosphate (IMP)
What can PRPP be turned into
Nuclotide salvge
Biosynthesis of Tryptophan and histidine
What enzyme converts ribose-5-phosphate into PRPP
Ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase
What is the first committed step of creating IMP
PRP to 5-phosphoribosylamine
What is the first ATP utilizing step in creating IMP
5-phosphoribosylamine –> GAR
What is the second ATP utilizing step in making IMP
FGAR –> AIR
What is the third ATP utilizing step
AIR –> SACAIR
What enzyme turns FAICAR into IMP
IMP synthase
what pathways synthesize purine nucleotides
Salvage pathways
What does hypoxanthine do to amidophosphoribosyl transferase
Inhibits it
What are purines degraded into
Uric acid
What do purines need to be converted into before they are converted into uric acid
Xanthine
What enzyme converts Xanthine into uric acid
Xanthine oxidase
What is caused by accumulation of excess uric acid
Gout
What forms the initial ring structure when synthesizing pyrimidine nucleotides
CAD
Is cytosine salvageable in humans
No
What enzyme is used to convert ADP, GDP, UDP, TMP into thier deoxy form to help make deoxynucleotides
ribonucleotide reductase
What donates nitrogen for purines
Aspartate
Glutamine
Glycine
What donates nitrogen for pyrimidines
Aspartate
Glutamine
What donates a carbon (methyl) for purines
Carbon dioxide Folid Acid (THF)
What donates a carbon (methyl) for pyrmidines
Aspartate
Bicarbonate
Folid Acid (THF)
What is the precursor for purine nucleotides
IMP
What is the precursor for pyrimdine nucleotide
UMP
What is IMP converted into
GMP
AMP
What is UMP converted into
CMP
TMP
