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Biochem 2 all topics > Fatty Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

When do you produce fat

A

When you consume excess carbohydrates

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2
Q

What two mechanisms transport glucose into the cell

A

Sodium independent facilitated transport

Sodium-monosaccharide co-transport

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3
Q

What are the two transport proteins that transport glucose

A

Glut 2

Glut 4

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4
Q

What glucose transport protein moves glucose into the liver

A

Glut 2

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5
Q

What glucose transporter moves glucose into muscles

A

Glut 4

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6
Q

What glucose transporter is regulated by insulin

A

Glut 4

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7
Q

What is the function of GLUT2

A

transport glucose, galactose, fructose into liver

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8
Q

What is the function of GLUT4

A

Transport glucose into mucles and adipose tissue

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9
Q

What type of transportation is associated with Glut4

A

Facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

During exercise of insulin how much glucose intake is done by muscles

A

90%

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11
Q

What does exercise do to the number of Glut4 proteins

A

increases the number on skeletal muscle

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12
Q

How long does glut4 stay on the surface of skeletal muscle post exercise

A

1-2 hours

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13
Q

What happens when the muscle is full of glycogen?

A

Glucose is transported to adipose tissue when insulin is active

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14
Q

how do muscles stop glucose from entering

A

High glucose inhibits PFK which inhibits hexokinase.

This causes accumulation of glucose and prevents facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

Having a high glucose allows what liver enzyme to become active?

A

Glucokinase

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16
Q

What causes a threefold increase of liver glycogen synthesis

A

Low-does Fructose

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17
Q

What happens to fructose that is taken in

A

Liver likes furctose and take it in
Fructose stimulates glucokinase
Liver produces more Acetyl CoA and ATP

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18
Q

what is fat stored as

A

Triacylglycerol

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19
Q

where is the pathway for fatty acid synthesis located

A

Liver

Also in
Lactating mammary gland
Adipose tissue

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20
Q

where in the cell is fatty acid synthesis

A

Cell Cytosol

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21
Q

How does Actyl CoA get from the mitochondria into the cytosol

A

Oxaloacetate+Acetyl CoA –> Citrate

Citrate spills over into the cytosol

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22
Q

what enzyme in the cytosol turns citrate into acetyl CoA

A

Citrate lyase

Needs ATP

23
Q

What happens to acetyl CoA when it is in the cytosol

A

Turns into malonyl CoA via Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Uses ATP

24
Q

What is the rate limiting step of Fatty Acid synthesis

A

Conversion of Acetyl CoA into Malonyl CoA

25
Q

What stimulates Acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Citrate

insulin

26
Q

What inactivates Acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Long chain fatty acyl CoA

AMPK phosphorylates and inactivates it

Malonyl CoA
Palmitiate
Epinephrine
GLucagon

27
Q

What would a diet high in carbs/calories do to ACC

A

increase ACC synthesis

Increase FA synthesis

28
Q

What would a low cal/high fat diet do to ACC

A

Decrease ACC synthesis

Decrease FA synthesis

29
Q

What does insulin do to ACC

A

increase responce
Increase ACC synth
Increase FA synth

30
Q

What does the drug Metformin do for type 2 diabetics

A

Inhibits ACC
Activates AMPK
inhibits FA synthesis
Lowers blood glucose

31
Q

What is the multienzyme complex involved in FA synthesis

A

Fatty Acid Synthase

32
Q

What protein in Fatty Acid Synthase carries an Acyl group

A

Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)

33
Q

What are the seven steps involved in FA synthesis

A 
ACP grabs Acetyl
ACP transfers aceyl to holding site
ACP grabs malonyl
Acetyl and malonyl combine
Ketone is converted to alcohol
Water removed
Molecule is reduced
34
Q

What enzyme transfers Acetyl group to ACP

A

Acetyl CoA-ACP acetyltransacylase

35
Q

What enzyme transfers Malonyl group to ACP

A

Malonyl-CoA-ACP- transacylase

36
Q

After the acetyl and malonyl group are gathered, what are the next 4 reaction (general)

A

Condensation
Reduction
Dehydration
Reduction

37
Q

What happens during the condensation reaction in FA synthesis

A

Acetyl-ACP + Malonyl-ACP –> Acetoacetyl-ACP

Combine acetyl and Malonyl to Acetoacetyl

38
Q

What enzyme is needed for the condensation reaction of FA synthesis

A

B-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase

39
Q

What happens in the first reduction reaction of FA synthesis

A

Acetoacetyl-ACP –> D-3-Hydroxybutyryl-ACP

40
Q

What enzyme is need for the first reduction reaction of FA synthesis

A

B-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase

41
Q

What happens in the Dehydration reaction of FA Synthesis

A

D-3-Hydroxybutyryl-ACP –> Crontonyl-ACP

42
Q

What enzyme is needed for the dehydration reaction of FA synthesis

A

B-hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydratase

43
Q

What happens in the second reduction reaction in FA synthesis

A

Crontonyl-ACP –> Butyryl-ACP

44
Q

What enzyme is needed for the second reduction reaction in FA synthesis

A

Enoyl-ACP Reductase

45
Q

When does growth of a FA stop during FA synthesis

A

when it hits 16 carbons

Palmitate 16:0

46
Q

What enzyme removes Palmitate from Fatty Acid Synthase

A

Palmitoyl Thioesterase

47
Q

What reactions of Fatty Acid synthesis require NADPH

A

ALL the reduction reactions

48
Q

What enzyme group elongates palmitate. does it need anything

A

Elongases

Required NADPH

49
Q

What enzyme group adds double bonds to Palmitate

A

Desaturases

50
Q

Humans are unable to make double bonds past what carbon?

A

9-10th carbon

51
Q

What are the key enzymes in FA synthesis

A

Citrate lyase
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
FA synthase

52
Q

Does FA synthesis consume ATP

A

Yes

53
Q

Does FA synthesis use NADPH or NADH

A

NADPH

Biochem 2 all topics (14 decks)

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