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Biochem 2 all topics > Cholesterol > Flashcards

Cholesterol Flashcards

1
Q

Where is cholesterol found in the cell

A

Between membrane fatty acid chains

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2
Q

What does cholesterol do in the cell

A

Forms loose cross-links to increase rigidity/reduce fulidity

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3
Q

What is cholesterol a precursor to

A

Bile salts

Steroid hormones

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4
Q

What percentage of cholesterol is in the free form

A

30%

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5
Q

What transports esterified cholesterol

A

Lipoproteins

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6
Q

Is esterified cholesterol found in membranes

A

no

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7
Q

What is an organic molecule produced by combining an acid with an alcohol

A

Ester

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8
Q

What is the primary site of cholesterol synthesis

A

Liver

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9
Q

Where in the cell is cholesterol synthesized

A

Cytosol

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10
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG CoA reductase

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11
Q

What is the product of HMG CoA reductase

A

mevalonate

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12
Q

How is HMG CoA reductase regulated

A

Active: non-phosphorylated
Inactive: Phosphorylated

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13
Q

What is HMG CoA converted into

A

Mevalonate

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14
Q

What is Mevalonate converted into

A

Squalene

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15
Q

What is Mevalonate converted into

A

Cholesterol

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16
Q

What gets turned into HMG-CoA

A

Acetoacetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
Acetoacetate

17
Q

Where are primary bile salts made

A

Liver

18
Q

Where are secondary bile salts made

A

Intestine

19
Q

What causes the creation of secondary bile salts

A

Bacterial enzymes that act on primary bile salts

20
Q

What two amino acids are used as bases in primary bile salts

A

Glycerol

Taurine

21
Q

What enzyme of FA synthesis makes acetyl CoA (can also be used to make cholesterol)

A

Citrate lyase

22
Q

What stimulates HMG CoA

A

Concentration of Sterol

23
Q

What happens to HMG CoA when there is a low concentration of sterols

A

Increased cholesterol synthesis

24
Q

What happens to HMG CoA when there is a high concentration of Sterols

A

Down regulation of cholesterol synthesis

25
Q

What effect does AMP-kinase have on HMG-CoA reductase

A

it inhibits it

26
Q

What hormones upregulate HMG-CoA reductase

A

Insulin

Thyroxine

27
Q

What homones down regulate HMG-CoA

A

Glucagon

Glucocorticoids

28
Q

What are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA

A

Statins

29
Q

What are the “ingredients” for cholesterol synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA
NADPH
ATP

30
Q

What do bile salts end in (Naming convention)

A

Cholic Acid, Cholate

31
Q

What stimulates cholesterol synthesis

A

ATP, NADPH, Insulin, Fructose

32
Q

What inhibits Cholesterol synthesis

A

ADP, AMP, NADP, Glucagon

Biochem 2 all topics (14 decks)

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