Ketogenesis

Question 1

What does Ketogenesis do

Answer 1

reduce acetyl CoA to allow for B-oxidation when there are low/no carbs present

Question 2

What are the Ketogenic Amino Acids

Answer 2

Leucine

Lysine

Question 3

What amino acids are glucogenic and ketogenic

Answer 3

Isoleucine
phenyalanine
tryptophan
tyrosine
threonine

Question 4

Where does Ketogenesis occur

Answer 4

in the liver

Question 5

Can the liver oxidize ketone bodies

Answer 5

No. It produces, not consumes ketone bodies

Question 6

What are the functional ketone bodies

Answer 6

Acetoacetate

B-hydroxybuterate

Question 7

What are ALL the ketone bodies that are produced

Answer 7

Acetone
Acetoacetate
B-hydroxybuterate

Question 8

What are the functional key=tone bodies converted into

Answer 8

Acetyl CoA for the krebs cycle

Question 9

Can the brain use ketones

Answer 9

yes but only during starvation

Question 10

What is the rate limiting enzyme of Ketogenesis

Answer 10

HMG CoA Synthase

Question 11

How is Ketogenesis and cholesterol synthesis simlar

Answer 11

Both start with Acetly CoA

Both use HMG CoA as a precursor

Question 12

Ketogenesis makes lots of Acetly CoA. What does this stimulate and inhibit

Answer 12

Inhibit: Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Stimulate: Pyruvate Carboxylase

Question 13

What krebs cycle intermediate is stolen in order to make glucose

Answer 13

Oxaloacetate

Question 14

When oxaloacetate is taken from Krebs to make glucose what ends up being stimulated?

Answer 14

Conversion of Acetyl CoA into acetoacetate

Question 15

What is the short term and long term effects of have a low card diet

Answer 15

Shot: Fat burning
Long: Break down muscles to make ketones

Question 16

What is the Protein sparing effect of Ketogenesis

Answer 16

By having ketones to burn, tissues do not have to rely on amino acids to make glucose

Question 17

What causes an over production of Acetyl CoA

Answer 17

Starvation
uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
Very low calorie/carb diets

Question 18

What can happen when acetyl CoA is overproduced

Answer 18

Increased ketones in urine and blood (Ketosis)

Functional ketone bodies lower blood pH (Acidosis, Coma, death)

Question 19

what type of diabetes does not usually have to worry about ketoacidosis

Answer 19

Type II diabetes

Question 20

What is the meal plan of the ketogenic diet

Answer 20

High fat, low carb moderate protein

Question 21

What are the common side effects of a Ketogenic Diet

Answer 21

Constipation
Acidosis
Decreased weight gain (no loss)