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Biochem 2 all topics > Fat Burning > Flashcards

Fat Burning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Fat

16:0

A

Palmitic acid

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2
Q

What is the Fat

18:0

A

Stearic Acid

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3
Q

What is the Fat

20:4w6

A

Arachidonic acid

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4
Q

What is the Fat

20:5w3

A

EPA

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5
Q

What is the Fat

22:6w3

A

DHA

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6
Q

What is the Fat

18:2w6

A

Linoleic Acid

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7
Q

What is the Fat

18:3w3

A

Linolenic Acid

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8
Q

What is the fat

20:4w6

A

Arachidonic Acid

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9
Q

What is the Fat

18:1w9

A

Oleic Acid

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10
Q

What is the simple definition of an Acyl

A

Fatty acid attached to something

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11
Q

What type of fat (saturated/unsaturated) is on the 1 position of a triacylglycerol

A

Saturated

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12
Q

What type of fat (saturated/unsaturated) is on the 2 position of a triacylglycerol

A

Unsaturated

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13
Q

What type of fat (saturated/unsaturated) is on the 3 position of a triacylglycerol

A

Either saturated or unsaturated

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a Triglyceride

A

Its reduced
Anhydrous
9Kcal/gram

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15
Q

What are the names of the lipases to go from TAG to Glycerol

A

TAG
DAG
MAG
LCFA + Glycerol

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16
Q

What enzyme turns a TAG into a DAG

A

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)

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17
Q

What enzyme turns a DAG into a MAG

A

Hormose sensitive lipase (HSL)

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18
Q

What enzyme turns MAG into LCFA + glycerol

A

monoacylglycerol lipase

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19
Q

What is LPL

A

lipoprotein lipase

it is an Extracellular enzyme

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20
Q

What do LPL do

A

Hydrolyze TAGs at the surface of capillaries (FA + glycerol)

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21
Q

What cells produce LPL

A

muscles

Fat cells

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22
Q

how do muscles use LPL

A

oxidize FA+glycerol for energy

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23
Q

How do adipose tissues use LPL

A

Re-esterifi FA into TAG

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24
Q

What increases LPL concentration in muscles

A

Exercise (increases it 10-20 fold)

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25
What does liver convert excess fatty acids into
VLDL
26
Where are lipid droplets found
Almost every kind of cell
27
How are the majority of TAG's stored
Subcutaneous and Visceral adipose tissue
28
What type of muscle fiber stores more fat? How much more does it store
Type 1 (aerobic) stores 2-3 times more fat than Type II
29
What is IMTG
intramuscluar triglycerides Fat storage in muscles if there is lots of available fat
30
IMTG is reduced by how much following two hours of cycling exercise performed at 60% VO2 Max
60% reduction
31
How long does it take for repletion of IMTG post aerobic exercise
72 hours
32
How long does it take for IMTG to replenish post resistance exercise
Within a few hours
33
What population has low IMTG concentration and moderate insulin sensitivity
Normal popuations
34
What population has an elevated oxidative capacity, highter IMTG concentration and greater insulin sensitivity
Athletes
35
What population have higher IMTG concentrations and low insulin sensitvity
Obese individuals
36
What two hormones are responsible breaking down TAG
Epinephrine and Glucagon
37
What body conditions induce production of Epinephrine and Glucagon
Low energy | Low blood sugar
38
What are the secondary messengers that Epinephrine and glucagon stimulate
Adenylyl cyclase cAMP AMP kinase (PKA) Hormone sensitive lipase
39
What inhibits ATGL and deactivates HSL
Insulin
40
What is the fate of glycerol
TAG synthesis Phospholipid synthesis DHAP
41
How many fatty acids can albumin carry
10 free fatty acids per albumin
42
What is the order of reactions for FA oxidation in the mitochondria
``` Oxidation Hydration Oxidation Thiolysis (OHOT) ```
43
Any fatty acid entering a muscle must be transported by what molecule to the mitochondria
Chaperone (FABPc)
44
How is a fatty acid "activated" so that it can enter the mitochondria
By adding acyl CoA to it
45
where in a cell is a fatty acid activated
Outer mitochondrial membrane
46
Does activation of a fatty acid require ATP
yes | ATP --> AMP + PPi
47
What enzyme add a Acyl CoA to a fatty acid?
Acyl CoA synthetase
48
What enzyme is used during the rate limiting step of fatty acid oxidation?
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)
49
What inhibits CPT
Malonyl-CoA
50
What does CPT do
it transports an activated fatty acid from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix
51
What are the 4 step (rxn's) involved in B-Oxidation
Oxidation Hydration Oxidation Thiolysis
52
What enzyme is used during the first Oxidation step of Beta-oxidation? Is energy made?
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase FAD-->FADH2 (energy made)
53
What enzyme is used during the Hydration step of B-Oxidation
Enoyl CoA Hydratase
54
What enzyme is used at the second oxidation step of B-oxidation? is energy made
L-3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase NAD-->NADH + H (energy made)
55
What enzyme is used during the thiolysis step of B-Oxidation
B-ketothiolase
56
What are the products of the Thiolysis reaction
``` Acyl CoA (original fatty acid -2 carbons) Acetyl CoA ```
57
What are the end results of B-Oxidation
1 FADH2 1 NADH Acetyl CoA --> Krebs Acyl CoA --> re-enter B-oxidation
58
What is the difference in B-oxidation when oxidizing a unsaturated fatty acid
Require 2 more enzymes Reductase Isomerase
59
What are the Steps involved in B-Oxidation of a unsaturated Fatty Acid
``` Oxidation Reductase Isomerase Hydration Oxidation Thiolysis ```
60
What enzyme is used during the reduction step of b-oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid? is energy used of made)
2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase NADPH+H--->NAHP (energy used)
61
What enzyme is used during the isomerase reaction of b-oxidation?
Isomerase
62
Why would a polyunsaturated fatty acid require one or two enzymes
One: Odd numbered double bonds = Isomerase Two: Even numbered double bonds = Reductase and isomerase
63
When b-oxidation is done on an even chain fatty acid what molecule is left
Nothing is left
64
When b-oxidation is done on an odd-chain fatty acid what molecule is left
Propionyl CoA
65
What is Propionyl CoA turned into so it can enter the Krebs cycle
Succinyl CoA
66
What does CPT do
it transports an activated fatty acid from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix (Carnitine Shuttle)
67
What conditions in the liver will allow for b-oxidation or not allow it
Allow: Need energy Not Allow: High energy = form TAG
68
What inhibits the second step of B-oxidation
High NADH/NAD ratio
69
What inhibits thiolase
High concentration of Acetyl CoA
70
What stimulates b-oxidation
Hormones (Epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon) AMP (cAMP Low energy
71
What inhibits b-oxidation
``` Hormones (insulin) High Glucose High energy High NADH/NAD Malonyl CoA ```
72
What is Hormone sensitive Lipase inhibited by
Insulin
73
What medical condition would strongly inhibit HSL thus reducing b-oxidation and elevating ATGL in muscles
Type 2 Diabeties | TAG)ATGL-->HSL-->MGL(LCFA

Biochem 2 all topics (14 decks)

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