Nucleic Acid Chemistry

Question 1

Nucleic acids are composed of ____

Answer 1

Nitrogenous bases

Question 2

How many rings do purines have?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

How many rings do pyramidines have?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Name the purines

Answer 4

Adenine
Guanine

Question 5

Name the pyramidines

Answer 5

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 6

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 6

Nitrogenous base plus a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)

Question 7

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 7

Nucleoside plus phosphate (1,2, or 3 phosphate)

Question 8

What is the backbone of DNA?

Answer 8

Sugar-phosphate with a phosphoester (phosphodiester) bond

Question 9

DNA configuration

Answer 9

Antiparallel dimer

Question 10

DNA sugar

Answer 10

Deoxyribose

Question 11

DNA base pairs

Answer 11

A (Adenine)=T (thymine) (2 H bonds)
G (guanine)…C (cytosine) (3 H bonds)

Question 12

What is chromatin?

Answer 12

DNA around a protein core (protein is histone proteins)

Question 13

What is the basic unit of chromatin?

Answer 13

Nucleosome, DNA wrapped 2x around core of histone proteins

Question 14

Chromatin histone proteins

Answer 14

• contain large amount of arginine & lysine
• 2 copies each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 (form bead)
• H1 is the linker histone

Question 15

Human Genome definition

Answer 15

46 total chromosomes
22 autosomal pairs
1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 16

RNA configuration

Answer 16

Single stranded

Question 17

RNA sugar

Answer 17

Ribose

Question 18

RNA base pairs

Answer 18

A = U (2 H bonds)
G … C (3 H bonds)

Question 19

RNA transcription

Answer 19

• Occurs in the nucleus
• complementary base pairs added to 5’ to 3’
• DNA read 3’ to 5’