Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary Axis

Question 1

Sleep or exercise cause the release of ____

Answer 1

Growth hormone release hormone (GHRH)

Question 2

Growth hormone release hormone stimulate release of _____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 2

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

Target organ of growth hormone

Answer 3

Liver & tissues, especially bone/cartilage

Question 4

Growth hormone

Target organ hormone

Answer 4

Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 5

Growth hormone function

Answer 5

Stimulates muscle, bone, cartilage growth

Question 6

Temperatures below 97°F (cold) cause release of ____

Answer 6

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 7

Thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulates release of ____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 7

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 8

Target organ of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 8

Thyroid

Question 9

thyroid stimulating hormone

Target organ hormone

Answer 9

• thyroxine (T4): inactive thyroid hormone
• triiodothyronine (T3): active thyroid hormone

Question 10

Function of T4

Answer 10

Converted to T3 in the liver by a bile dependent deiodinase enzyme

Question 11

function of T3

Answer 11

Active thyroid hormone controls metabolism by making bigger and more mitochondria

Question 12

Chronic stress causes release of ____

Answer 12

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 13

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates release of ____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 13

Adrenal corticotrophin hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

Target organ of ACTH

Answer 14

Adrenal cortex

Question 15

ACTH

Target organ hormones

Answer 15

• mineral corticoid aldosterone
• glucocorticoid cortisol
• androgens DHEA and androstenedione

Question 16

function of mineral corticoid aldosterone

Answer 16

increases Na/K ATPase pump in later DCT and collecting duct of kidney

Question 17

function of glucocorticoid cortisol

Answer 17

raises blood sugar level

Question 18

function of androgens DHEA and androstenodione

Answer 18

can be converted to testosterone and then estradiol

Question 19

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates release of ____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 19

FSH & LH

Question 20

target organ of FSH

Answer 20

ovary & testes (seminiferous tubules)

Question 21

FSH target organ hormone: ovary

Answer 21

estradiol

Question 22

estradiol function

Answer 22

matures follicle in order to release egg

Question 23

FSH

function of testes

Answer 23

makes sperm

Question 24

LH target organs

Answer 24

ovary & testes (Leydig cells)

Question 25

LH

function of ovary

Answer 25

ovulation

Question 26

LH

testes hormone

Answer 26

testosterone

Question 27

function of testosterone

Answer 27

helps make sperm, secondary sex characteristics

Question 28

GnRH after puberty

Answer 28

• females: released in first half of cycle
• males: released 8-14x/day

Question 29

after giving birth, there is a localized drop in ____ levels

Answer 29

dopamine

Question 30

dopamine stimulates release of ____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 30

prolactin

Question 31

prolactin target organ

Answer 31

breast

Question 32

prolactin

breast function

Answer 32

makes milk