NRVs Flashcards
What are Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) used for?
NRVs represent levels of nutrients needed to meet the known nutritional needs of the healthy population. They are used to assess inadequate or excessive intake of nutrients.
What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and how is it used?
EAR is the daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals. It is used to:
* Examine the probability that usual intake is inadequate in individuals
* Estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes in a group
What is the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and how is it applied?
RDI is the average daily intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals. It:
* Has a low probability of inadequacy if intake is at or above this level
* Cannot be used to assess intakes of groups
Adequate Intake (AI) is based on __________ or __________ approximations/estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.
Observed; experimentally determined
What is the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?
EER is the average dietary intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult.
A patient has a daily nutrient intake above the Upper Level of Intake (UL). What is the risk?
A usual intake above the UL may place an individual at risk of adverse health effects from excessive nutrient intake.
What is the AI for fibre intake for men and women?
Men: 30g/day
Women: 25g/day
Is there an NRV for fluid intake?
No specific NRV, but it is recommended to drink enough fluids throughout the day to stay hydrated.
Which assessment method is used for sodium intake?
Upper Level of Intake (UL) is used to assess sodium intake, often evaluated in the context of salt intake.
A pregnant woman in her second trimester asks how much extra energy she needs daily. What would you advise?
+1.4MJ/day (350kcal) in the second trimester +1.9MJ/day (450kcal) in the third trimester
Match the following groups with their protein requirements (g/day):
- Adult Men
- Adult Women
- Men >70 years
- Women >70 years
- Pregnant Women
- Lactating Women
- 1 → 64g/day
- 2 → 46g/day
- 3 → 81g/day
- 4 → 57g/day
- 5 → 60g/day
- 6 → 67g/day
What are the recommended fat intake limits?
- <35% of total energy intake from fat
- <10% from saturated fat
- Adult men require _____ mg/day of iron.
- Adult women require _____ mg/day of iron.
- Pregnant women require _____ mg/day of iron.
- Lactating women require _____ mg/day of iron.
- 8mg
- 18mg
- 27mg
- 9mg
What are the RDIs for the following vitamins?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
- Vitamin A: 700 - 900 mcg/day
- Vitamin C: 45mg/day
- Vitamin D: 5 - 15ug/day, varies by age
- Vitamin B12: 2.4ug/day
Which nutrients are at risk for deficiency at different life stages?
- 2 - 3 years: Iron
- 4 - 18 years: Calcium, iron
- 19 - 50 years: Calcium, iron
- 51 - 70 years: Calcium
What is the AI and UL for sodium intake?
- AI: 460 - 920 mg/day
- UL: 2300 mg/day
A woman is breastfeeding and wants to know how much additional energy she should consume daily. What do you advise?
2 - 2.1MJ/day (500 kcal)
What are the key dietary trends in adolescents aged 14 - 18 years?
- Low intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy
- 41% of energy comes from discretionary foods
- High sodium intake
- Key nutrients at risk: calcium, iron, folate, iodine, fibre
If you were assessing the nutrient intake of a group of adults and wanted to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake, which NRV would you use?
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes in a group.
What are the results of excess vitamin A?
UL: 3000ug/d in adults, pregnancy & lactation
- teratogenicity in women of childbearing age
- liver abnormalities in older adults
- people with high ETOH intake, pre-existing liver disease, hyperlipidaemia & severe malnutrition are susceptible to effects of XS vitamin A
Nutrient levels defined by RDIs:
Vitamin A
B vitamins, including thiamine
Folate
Vitamin C
Calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc, phosphorus, iodine
Protein
Nutrient levels defined by AI:
Vitamins D, E, K
Fluoride, potassium, sodium
Fibre, CHO & fluid, fat
