Health Determinants & The Rose Theory Flashcards
Rose Theory Overview:
Distinguishes between causes of cases (individual-level) and determinants of incidence (population-level).
Emphasises understanding both individual risk factors and systemic contributors to disease prevalence.
Rose Theory Causes of Cases
Focus: Factors that contribute to disease in affected individuals.
Aim: Understand specific risk factors in individuals already affected.
Methodology: Studying behaviours, genetic predisposition, and personal history.
Application: Guides clinical care and treatment for individuals.
Determinants of Incidence:
Focus: Population-level trends and factors affecting disease prevalence.
Aim: Address systemic contributors like social, environmental, and demographic factors.
Methodology: Analyzing demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental exposures.
Application: Guides public health policies and interventions.
Comparative Summary:
Causes of cases: Individual focus; informs clinical care.
Determinants of incidence: Population focus; informs public health interventions.
What is the Rose Theory?
A theory emphasizing the distinction between individual-level risk factors (causes of cases) and population-level determinants (determinants of incidence).
Causes of cases focus on factors contributing to disease in ____, while determinants of incidence focus on factors affecting ____.
Individuals; the overall population.
A doctor examines a patient’s family history and lifestyle to determine why they developed diabetes. Which aspect of the Rose Theory is this?
Causes of cases.
What is the primary aim of studying causes of cases?
To understand specific risk factors associated with disease occurrence in individuals.
A public health researcher analyzes income levels and access to healthy food in a city to address rising diabetes rates. Which aspect of the Rose Theory is this?
Determinants of incidence.
Determinants of incidence involve studying population-level factors such as ____, ____, and ____.
Demographics, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental exposures.
How can understanding determinants of incidence guide public health interventions?
By addressing root causes and systemic factors that influence disease prevalence in a community.
Causes of cases are like diagnosing a car’s breakdown, while determinants of incidence are like understanding why that car model has high failure rates because ____.
One focuses on individual issues, and the other examines systemic factors.
A clinician uses a patient’s genetic predisposition and past medical history to guide treatment. Which application of the Rose Theory is this?
Clinical care for individuals with existing disease.
Determinants of incidence are useful for creating ____, while causes of cases inform ____.
Public health policies; clinical care.
What are examples of methodologies used to study causes of cases and determinants of incidence?
Causes of cases: medical history and lifestyle analysis.
Determinants of incidence: demographic and socioeconomic trend analysis.
What is determinant analysis?
The process of identifying factors that affect health outcomes and challenges, forming the foundation for improving health.
The “Precede-Proceed Model” provides a ____ for exploring health determinant factors step-by-step.
Roadmap.
A public health team evaluates the availability of fresh produce in a community to address diet-related diseases. What aspect of public health practice is this?
Changing and evaluating health determinants.
What are the three categories of health determinants?
Predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors.
Predisposing factors involve people’s ____, while enabling factors focus on available ____.
Thoughts and beliefs; resources and support.
A community health program examines family reactions to healthy choices. Which determinant category does this represent?
Reinforcing factors.
What are socio-ecological determinants?
Factors ranging from personal behaviors to societal and environmental influences that affect health.
Researchers study pollution levels and access to healthcare to address high diabetes rates. What determinant category does this reflect?
Socio-ecological determinants.
Proximate determinants have ____ impacts on health, while distal determinants ____ proximate factors.
Immediate; set the stage for.
What is an example of a proximate and distal determinant of heart disease?
Proximate: Smoking
Distal: Income and education.
Determinants are like puzzle pieces because ____.
They work together to form a complete picture of health outcomes.
An initiative to reduce air pollution involves both individual behaviors (using cars less) and larger policies. What does this demonstrate about determinants?
The comprehensive view of determinants.
Determinants often interact in ____ pathways, creating domino effects on health outcomes.
Causal.
Addressing childhood obesity involves improving diet, physical activity, and family support. What concept does this reflect?
Interactions and causal pathways.
Why is it important to consider contextual factors when addressing health problems?
Cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and economic situations influence health outcomes.
Research shows cultural beliefs and economic stress influence high stress-related illnesses. What aspect of health determinants does this highlight?
Contextual factors.
What is PEEST analysis?
A framework for examining political, economic, environmental, social, and technical factors affecting health.
The “P” in PEEST analysis refers to ____, such as government policies and funding for nutrition programs.
Political factors.
A nutrition program is affected by food prices and income levels. Which PEEST category is relevant?
Economic factors.
What are examples of environmental factors in PEEST analysis?
Availability of fresh foods, sustainability of food production, and distribution impact.
Social factors in PEEST include cultural norms, social support, and ____ targeting specific populations.
Health education campaigns.
A health app tracks dietary habits and provides nutrition education. Which PEEST factor does this represent?
Technical factors.
PEEST analysis is like a 360-degree camera because ____.
It provides a comprehensive view of the factors influencing health.
Researchers design an intervention to address low fruit and vegetable intake among African-American women. What principle of determinant analysis is being applied?
Real-world example of tailoring interventions to unique challenges.
Definition and Purpose of Determinant Analysis:
Definition: Foundation for understanding factors affecting health outcomes and challenges.
Purpose: Helps identify root causes of health issues to improve community health.
The “Precede-Proceed Model”:
A roadmap for step-by-step exploration of health determinant factors.
Guides investigation into health issues with a structured approach.
List Determinant Categories:
Predisposing factors: Thoughts and beliefs about health.
Enabling factors: Resources and support available for healthier choices.
Reinforcing factors: Reactions from others to healthy/unhealthy choices.
Socio-Ecological Determinants range from individual behaviours to societal and environmental factors. Give some examples:
Studying community diabetes rates through eating habits
Healthcare access
Pollution
Proximate determinants:
Immediate impacts on health (e.g., smoking, poor diet).
Distal determinants:
Set the stage for proximate factors (e.g., income, education).
Examples of personal choices and broader social and environmental influences.
Reducing air pollution requires individual behavior changes and policy improvements.
Interactions and Causal Pathways: determinants interact and influence one another, creating domino effects.
What are some examples?
Example: Childhood obesity involves diet, physical activity, and family support working together.
Contextual Factors of Health Determinants:
Cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and economic situations shape health outcomes.
Example: Stress-related illnesses influenced by cultural beliefs and economic stress.
PEEST Analysis:
Political: Policies, funding, advocacy for nutrition programs.
Economic: Socioeconomic disparities, food affordability, employment opportunities.
Environmental: Food availability, sustainability, environmental impacts.
Social: Cultural norms, social support, health education campaigns.
Technical: Advances in food production, digital tools for nutrition education, innovative food products.
