Health Promotion & PH Principles Flashcards
What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)?
A comprehensive framework for health promotion, emphasizing empowerment, social determinants, and multi-dimensional approaches.
What are the three key strategies of the Ottawa Charter?
Advocacy, enabling, and mediation.
Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to ____.
Increase control over and improve their health.
A city council is implementing legislation to reduce air pollution and improve public health. Which Ottawa Charter action area does this represent?
Building healthy public policy.
Creating supportive environments is like planting a garden because ____.
It provides conditions that nurture healthy behaviors to grow and flourish.
What is the focus of reorienting health services under the Ottawa Charter?
Shifting towards comprehensive primary healthcare and addressing broader health determinants.
A local group is organizing workshops to educate residents on nutrition and physical activity. Which Ottawa Charter action area is being applied?
Building individual skills.
Community empowerment involves engaging communities to take ____ action for health.
Collective
How does the Adelaide Recommendations (1988) build on the Ottawa Charter?
By focusing on healthy public policy and multi-sectoral approaches.
A health policy addresses food security and promotes access to nutritious foods. Which Adelaide Recommendation priority does this align with?
Food and nutrition.
The Adelaide Recommendations underscore the need for shared accountability through a ____.
Multi-sectoral approach.
What does the Sundsvall Statement emphasise about supportive environments?
They should be equitable, sustainable, and conducive to health.
A policy prioritizes reducing income inequality and enhancing access to economic opportunities. Which aspect of the Sundsvall Statement does this represent?
Economic environments.
Enhancing women’s ____ is a priority in the Sundsvall Statement for better health environments.
Skills, knowledge, and participation.
The Jakarta Declaration’s call for community capacity is like building a team because ____.
It empowers members with skills and resources to tackle challenges collectively.
Why does the Jakarta Declaration emphasise investing in health promotion?
To achieve sustainable development and improve quality of life.
A company adopts policies to reduce workplace discrimination and promote employee well-being. Which Jakarta Declaration principle does this align with?
Promoting social responsibility.
Expanding partnerships in health promotion requires going beyond the boundaries of the ____.
Health sector.
What is capacity building according to the Jakarta Declaration?
Enhancing the skills, knowledge, and resources of individuals, organizations, and communities.
A government program empowers rural communities to create health solutions and engage in decision-making processes. Which Jakarta Declaration focus is this?
Community capacity.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
Defines health promotion as enabling individuals to take control of their health through empowerment and informed decisions.
Emphasizes addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health.
Key strategies: Advocacy, enabling, mediation.
5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter (1986)
- Building healthy public policy: Shaping policies to promote well-being and address societal barriers.
- Creating supportive environments: Fostering conditions for healthy behaviours in social and physical settings.
- Building individual skills: Providing knowledge and resources to enhance health literacy.
- Community empowerment: Mobilising collective action and community-led initiatives.
- Reorienting health services: Shifting focus from curative to preventive care.
Adelaide Recommendations on Healthy Public Policy (1988)
Builds on Ottawa Charter principles with a focus on healthy public policy.
Key priorities:
- Supporting women: Addressing gender-specific health issues and promoting gender equality.
- Food and nutrition: Ensuring access to nutritious foods and addressing food security.
- Tobacco and alcohol: Using regulations and education to mitigate harmful effects.
- Supportive environments: Highlighting the influence of physical, social, and economic contexts.
-Accountability: Advocating a multi-sectoral approach (health, education, transport, etc.).
Sundsvall Statement on Supportive Environments for Health (1991)
Advocates equitable, sustainable, and health-conducive environments.
- Social cohesion, equity, and inclusion: Addressing poverty, inequality, and discrimination.
- Political governance: Policies that influence health environments.
- Economic opportunities: Reducing disparities in access to resources and income.
- Women’s skills: Enhancing participation in decision-making processes.
Jakarta Declaration (1997):
Vision for improving health and well-being universally.
Emphasises:
- Investments in health promotion: Essential for sustainable development.
- Promoting social responsibility: Encouraging collective action for supportive environments.
- Expanding partnerships: Engaging beyond health sector boundaries.
- Community capacity: Empowering communities to address their health needs.
- Capacity building: Enhancing individual and organisational skills, knowledge, and resources.
What was the key focus of the Mexico City Ministerial Declaration (2000)?
Bridging health inequities and reaffirming the importance of health promotion.
The Mexico City Declaration reaffirmed the principles of the ____ Charter for Health Promotion.
Ottawa.
What was the Bangkok Charter’s (2005) primary focus?
Tackling health challenges in a globalized world by addressing social determinants of health.
What was the Nairobi Conference on Health Inequities (2009) focused on?
Addressing disparities in health outcomes and healthcare access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
What is the central goal outlined in the Alma-Ata Declaration?
Achieving “Health for All” through primary health care.
Primary health care (PHC) is recognized as the ____ for achieving health for all.
Cornerstone.
What fundamental right does the Alma-Ata Declaration affirm?
The attainment of the highest possible standard of health.
A community clinic provides a range of accessible and comprehensive health services. Which principle of the Alma-Ata Declaration does this reflect?
Primary Health Care (PHC).
The Alma-Ata Declaration emphasizes addressing social, ____, and ____ determinants of health.
Economic; environmental.
A government integrates housing and employment policies into their health strategy. Which principle of the Alma-Ata Declaration is reflected?
Addressing social determinants of health.
Why is intersectoral collaboration critical according to the Alma-Ata Declaration?
To address health determinants by involving sectors like education, agriculture, and social services.
A rural health project involves local leaders and residents in decision-making. Which Alma-Ata principle does this align with?
Community participation.
The Alma-Ata Declaration stresses the importance of involving ____ in health program planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Communities.
What role does health promotion and prevention play in the Alma-Ata Declaration?
It is an integral component of primary health care, focusing on disease prevention and health education.
How does the Alma-Ata Declaration view global cooperation?
As essential for supporting primary health care initiatives, especially in developing countries.
A public health initiative targets marginalized communities to provide equitable access to care. Which Alma-Ata principle does this reflect?
Equity.
Efforts to reduce health disparities must focus on ____ and ____ populations.
Vulnerable; marginalized.
The Alma-Ata Declaration recognizes the ____ of health and development on a global scale.
Interdependence.
Why is addressing environmental determinants important in the Alma-Ata Declaration?
Because environmental factors significantly influence health outcomes.
An international organization funds health infrastructure improvements in a low-income country. Which principle of the Alma-Ata Declaration does this align with?
Global cooperation.
Disease prevention, health promotion, and education are ____ components of primary health care.
Integral.
A health campaign teaches handwashing and sanitation in schools. Which Alma-Ata principle is reflected?
Health promotion and prevention.
What makes community participation crucial in the Alma-Ata Declaration?
It ensures the relevance and success of health care initiatives.
Intersectional collaboration involves sectors like health, ____, agriculture, and social services.
Education.
Key points of the Alma-Ata Declaration:
- Primary Health Care (PHC):
- Recognised as the cornerstone for achieving health for all.
- Called for comprehensive, accessible, and community-based health services addressing diverse health needs. - Health as a Fundamental Right:
- Affirmed that attaining the highest possible health standard is a human right.
- Advocated for equitable access to adequate health care services for all. - Social Determinants of Health:
- Acknowledged the role of social, economic, and environmental factors in influencing health outcomes.
- Emphasised the need for social justice and addressing broader development issues. - Intersectoral Collaboration:
- Called for cooperation between health, education, agriculture, and social services sectors.
- Highlighted the interconnectedness of sectors in addressing health determinants. - Community Participation:
- Stressed involving communities in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of health programs.
- Recognised community participation as crucial for successful primary health care initiatives. - Health Promotion and Prevention:
- Highlighted the importance of disease prevention, health promotion, and education as integral to PHC. - Equity:
- Urged efforts to reduce health disparities.
- Focused on reaching vulnerable and marginalised populations with equitable health services. - Global Cooperation:
- Called for international collaboration and support for PHC initiatives in developing countries.
- Recognised the interdependence of health and global development.
Public Health Principles:
- Collaboration: amongst various stakeholders to work towards common health goals e.g. govt, organisations, communities, individuals
- Comprehensive: considers a wide range of factors that influence health e.g. biological, behavioural, social, environmental determinants
- Ecological perspective: accounts for interconnectedness of individuals & their environments, health outcomes are influenced by multiple layers of influence
- Multi-sectoral scope: action across different sectors to address health disparities & create supportive environments e.g. health, education, economics, urban planning
- Community empowerment: ownership of own health & participation in decision making
- Equity & social justice: reduce health disparities & promote fair access to health resources & opportunities, focus on social justice principles
- Shared responsibility: collective effort in health promotion to improve PH
MEXICO CITY MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ON HEALTH PROMOTION (2000)
- Health equity & social determinants
- Empowerment & participation in decision making processes
- Partnerships & collaboration, similar to the Jakarta Declaration
- Globalisation & health promotion
- Reaffirmation of Ottawa Charter principles - building healthy public policies, creating supportive environments, strengthening community actions, developing personal skills, reorienting health services
BANGKOK CHARTER (2005)
- Advocate for health & well-being as essential human rights, prioritising health, social equity & sustainable development
- Invest in health promotion by governments & stakeholders
- Build capacity to enhance skills, knowledge & resources to empower communities
- Regulate & legislate to create environments that support health & well-being
- Build partnerships & collaboration across different sectors, organisations & communities
NAIROBI CONFERENCE ON HEALTH INEQUALITIES (2009)
- Social determinants of health e.g. income, education, housing, employment
- Access to healthcare
- Global health disparities amongst low-income & marginalised populations in different parts of the work, and the need for international cooperation
- Policy & advocacy - ways to engage govts, civil society organisations & international bodies
- Research & data collection to better understand health inequalities & underlying causes
- Health systems strengthening in low- and middle-income countries
UAE HEALTH PROMOTION (2021)
- Expanding health promotion for well-being & equity to foster healthier populations
- Identifying interventions to accelerate sustainable development goals (SDG) to support health promotion & well-being agendas
- Role of health promotion in PH emergencies i.e. preparedness & response to build healthier & fairer societies post-crisis e.g. COVID-19
- Innovative approaches for flourishing societies by focusing on creating conditions & environments conducive to health where people live, work, age & play
- High-level political commitment
HELSINKI 2013
- Urban design & green spaces to encourage physical activity, leisure & social interaction among residents
- Active transportation to reduce pollution & promote physical fitness e.g. bike sharing programs, pedestrian friendly streets, safe cycling lanes
- Healthy food access e.g. supporting farmers’ markets, community gardens, policies to encourage healthier food choices in school
- Healthcare services - preventative care & mental health, access to necessary medical resources
- Social integration & inclusion
- Environmental sustainability as health & environmental well-being go hand-in-hand
- Health promotion campaigns to raise awareness about healthy lifestyle choices
