NP: Chapter 24 Schizophrenia Flashcards
2 positive symptoms
hallucinations
delusions
3 negative symptoms
blunted affect
ambivalence
autism
disorganization
loosening of association
dus welke 3 soorten symptomen heb je
positive symptoms
negative symptoms
disorganization
wie beschreven schizophrenia als eerste
bleuler and kraeplin
globale dsm criteria voor schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, chaotic or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms.
social functioning decline, at least 2 symptoms (of which 1 positive) for 6 months
schizo is very heterogenous!!
oke
onset of the disorder for men
18-25 yr
onset of the disorder for women
3-4 years later than men, dus begin 20-28
cognitive impairments are not part of the dsm 5 criteria now, even though … of the people suffer from cognitive impairments
70-80%
incidence schizophrenia
15 per 100.000 per year
bij welke mensen en welke delen
immigrants, en bij ppl in urban regions, men meer dan women
lifetime prevalence of schiz
4 per 1000 ppl (general pop)
hallucinations =
sensory perceptions that resemble an actual perception without stimulation of the sense involved
delusions =
beliefs that do not correspond to reality and are not shared by others in the culture
schizophrenia wss caused door combinatie van
multiple genes and the environment
brein structuren anders in schizophrenia
decreased grey matter in temporal + limbic structures
changes in white matter between cerebral hemispheres (via DTI gemeten)
volume in entire brain decreased with
3%
first gen antipsychotics
dopamine antagonist, sedating
second gen antipsychotic drugs
= ook wel atypical antipsychotic drugs
meer gebruik van serotonin & glutamate receptors, dopamine minder gebruik dan first gen (= fewer side effects)
third gen antipsychotic drugs
partial dopamine antagonists
which symptoms do antipsychotics target
positive symptoms
cognitive impairment in schiz is very wide, no signle domain in which performances do not overlap with healthy controls.
dus cannot disguise schiz via neuropsychological tests
speed of information processing issues
issues with coding tasks, not so much for basic tasks
attention and vigilance
reaction time tasks bij sommige mensen impaired
working memory
some researchers think this is the core of schiz.
remembering info gaat meestal wel goed (forward digit span task) maar als de info ook geprocessed moet worden gaat het minder goed (backward digit span task)
learning and memory
impairment in declarative memory, vooral encoding info
active retrieval of info is more affected than the recognition of info (dus wel herkennen, minder goed onthouden)
executive functions
decreased initiative and social insight
hoe kan je social cognition opdelen
lower order processes (= basic emotion perception)
complex/higher order processes (= interpretation of social info, bv social perception, knowledge, theory of mind)
there is evidence for minor abnormalities in cognitive functioning before the first psychotic episode occurs.
bc. premorbid iq was iets lager, language skills iets slechter. maar geen grote verschillen.
hoe zit het met cog. functioning bij patients ouder dan 65
na 65 patients deterioration may be faster than normal age cognitive deterioration
impairments in social cognition may lead to…
positive symptoms
bijvoorbeeld theory of mind -> may help develop paranoia
metacognition =
ability to reflect on own cognitive functions
wat heeft metacognition te maken met psychosis
mensen met hallucinaties -> meer difficulty distinguishing between thoughts of them selves vs others
rate limiting factors
cognitive dysfunctions willl limit the options that an individual has for competence in daily life
