CP: Chapter 4: Research methods in psychopathology

Question 1

science =

Answer 1

systematic persuit of knowledge through observatioon

Question 2

theory=

Answer 2

set of propositions meant to explain a class of observations

Question 3

case study

Answer 3

recording detailed info about one person at a time

Question 4

wat zijn limitations aan een case study

Answer 4

may be biased by the observers theories
patterns in one case may not be representable
low validity
not good support for theory

Question 5

case study can … but not .. a hypothesis

Answer 5

can disprove
cannot prove

Question 6

but we can use case studies to generate hypotheses!

Answer 6

oke

Question 7

clinical significance

Answer 7

is the relationship large enough to matter?

Question 8

problem of causality

Answer 8

causality tells us two things are related to each other, but we do not know in which way

Question 9

high risk method

Answer 9

people at elevated risk for a disease are recruited and followed over time

Question 10

prevalence =

Answer 10

the proportion of ppl who currently have the disorder or during their lifetime

Question 11

incidence

Answer 11

the proportion of ppl who develop new cases of the disorder during some period (usually a year)

Question 12

family method

Answer 12

see how the presence of a disorder varies y the proportion of genes shared by family members

Question 13

difference internal and external validity

Answer 13

internal = the extent to which the effect can be attributed to the independent variable

external = can the results be generalised beyond the study?

Question 14

what should a treatment study consist of

Answer 14

clear definition of sample
clear description of treatment
inclusion of a control/comparison condition
random assignment
reliable and valid outcome measurements
large sample size

Question 15

3 soorten control groups

Answer 15

• niks: is passage of time zelfde als treatment?
• standard treatment
• placebo control group

Question 16

the need for dissemination of treatment outcome findings

Answer 16

facilitating adoption of efficacious treatments in the community by offering guidelines about the best available treatments

Question 17

analogue experiments

Answer 17

investigators attempt to create or observe a related phenomenon (analogue) in the laboratory.

niet genoeg voor een conclusie maar wel vaak heel handig.

Question 18

3 voorbeelden analogue experiments

Answer 18

animals
temporary symptoms
participants that may be similar to patients

Question 19

ABAB design

Answer 19

bij single case experiments:

A: initial time period
B: a period when a treatment is introduced
A: a reinstatement of the conditions o the baseline period
B: a reintroduction of the treatment