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Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 > CP: Chapter 15 Personality Disorders > Flashcards

CP: Chapter 15 Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

personality disorders =

A

problems with forming a stable positive identity and sustaining close constructive relationships

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2
Q

comorbidity bij personality disorders

A

depression, anxiety, substance abuse

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3
Q

wat is het probleem met de dsm 5 bij personality disorders

A

personality disorders are not stable over time: 50% of people achieve remission, dus many disorders are not as enduring as the dsm says. but many people still have symptoms and impairment after remission! maar dan niet diagnose waardig. dus dat is niet goed van dsm.
+ geen goede test-retest reliability and high rates of comorbidity

  • not stable
  • no good test-retest reliability
  • comorbidity
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4
Q

alternative for dsm5

A

includes 6 personality disorders and dimensional system for evaluating five personality trait domains

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5
Q

heritability of personality disorders?

A

moderate

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6
Q

what is a significant risk factor

A

childhood abuse or neglect

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7
Q

general criteria personality disorders =

A

enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviour that deviated markedly from the expectations of an individuals culture, manifests in 2 of the four domains

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8
Q

what kind of domains heb je

A

cognition
affectivity
interpersonal functioning
impulse control

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9
Q

3 verschillende severities

A

pervasive - inflexible in many situations
persistent - stable, longterm, start early adulthood
pathological - distress or dysfunction

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10
Q

wanneer begint personality disorder

A

meestal in adolescence

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11
Q

zijn personality disorders treatable

A

vroeger dachten ze niet, nu weten we recovery 5x faster than with natural course

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12
Q

cluster A: odd/eccentric

A

paranoid PD = distrusting
schizotypical PD = strange perceptions and behaviour (anders dan schizophrenia: geen hallucinations and delusions)
schizoide PD = distant

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13
Q

cluster B: dramatic, emotiona, erratic

A

histionic PD = emotional, attention seeking
narcissistic PD = inflated ego
antisocial PD = violating rights of others
borderline PD = instability self images, relations, emotions

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14
Q

cluster C: anxious, fearful

A

avoidant PD = socially inferior
dependent PD = submissive, clinging
obsessive-compulsive PD = perfectionistic, controlling

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15
Q

odd/eccentric cluster en schizophrenia?

A

similarities to the type of bizarre thinking and experiences, but less severe than schizophrenia

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16
Q

paranoid personality disorder=

A

4 or more signs of distrust and suspiciousness, from early adulthood:

suspi of being harmed/deceived
suspi of hidden meanings in benign actions of others
suspi of loyalty of friends
not confiding in others due to suspi
grudges for long time
angry reactions to perceived attack on character or reputation
suspi of partners fidelity

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17
Q

schizoid personality disorder=

A

4 or more signs of aloofness and flat affect, from early adulthood:

lack of desire for enjoyment of close relationships
lack of friends
prefers soltitude over compagnionship
little interest in sex
few or no pleasurable activities
indifference to praise or criticism
flat affect, emotional detachment or coldness

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18
Q

schizotypal personality disorder =

A

5 or more signs of unusual thinking, eccentric behaviour and interpersonal deficits, from early adulthood:

ideas of reference
odd beliefs or magical thinking
unusual perception and suspiciousness or paranoia
odd thought, speech, behaviour or appearance
inappropriate or constricted affect and lack of close friends
social anxiety and interpersonal fears that do not diminish with familiarity

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19
Q

ideas of reference =

A

the false belief that irrelevant occurrences or details in the world relate directly to oneself

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20
Q

dus welke van de odd/eccentric is het meest ‘complex’

A

schizotypal, is een soort combi van paranoid en eccentric behaviour, maar ook social anxiety

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21
Q

dramatic/erratic cluster globaal

A

range of symptoms from inflated self esteem and rule breaking behaviour to inconsistent behaviour.

22
Q

verschil psychopathy en sociopathy

A

sociopath = unofficial term for antisocial personality disorder. psychopathy is not an official diagnosis, wordt meer gebruikt in volksmond voor sociopathy maar dan nog meer gevaarlijk (mass murderer)

23
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

(volksmond: sociopathy)

at least 18, and evidence of conduct disorder before the age of 15

repeated law breaking, lack of remorse, impulsivity and lying
reckless disregard for own safety and of others
irresponsibility as seen in unreliable employment or financial history

24
Q

psychopathy

A

niet officieel in dsm 5, maar;

geen emotions
positive feelings for others are an act
superficially charming
manipulating
lack of anxiety -> not learning from mistakes
boldness, meanness

25
Q

wat zijn risicofactoren voor apd

A

poverty, exposure to violence, bad parenting, harsh family environment, MOAO gene

26
Q

psychopathy psychological factors

A

blunted responses to threat and consequence
lower skin conductance to fear and threat
weakened classical conditioning
lack of empathy
attending negative information during goal persuit

27
Q

borderline personality disorder =

A

5 or more signs of instability in relationships, self-image and impulsivity from early adulthood:

efforts to avoid abandonment
unstable interpersonal relationships: where the other is either idealized or devalued
self damaging, impulsive behaviours in at least 2 areas (spending, sex, substance abuse etc)
recurrent suicidal behaviours
mood reactivity
unstable sense of self
chronic feelings of emptiness
recurrent bouts of intense or poorly controlled anger
during stress: paranoid thoughts, dissociative symptoms

vooral vrouwen met borderline!

28
Q

neurobiological factors of borderline personality disorder

A

lower serotonin levels: for anger and impulse control
emotion dysregulation: increased amygdala activity (= hyper emotional)
deficits in prefrontal cortex: impulse and emotions

29
Q

kijken naar borderline model in docs

A

oke

30
Q

bdp en social factors

A

veel mensen report abuse
ook parental genetic vulnerability

31
Q

linehans diathesis stress theory

A

biological diathesis - emotional dysregulation in child - great demands on family - invalidation by parents through punishment or ignoring the demands - emotional outbursts by child via which parents attend

32
Q

histrionic personality disorder =

A

5 or more symptoms of emotionality and attention seeking;

need to be center of attention
inappropriate sexual behaviour
rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotion
use physical appearance to draw attention to self
impressionistic speech, lacking in detail
exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression
misreads relationships as more intimate than they are

33
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

5 or more signs of grandiosity, increased self esteem and lack of empathy from early adulthood:

grandiose view of own importance, preoccupation with ones brilliance
belief that they are special
extreme need for admiration
exploit others and arrogant behaviours or attitudes

34
Q

association parenting and narcissistic personality disorder

A

parents who are overly indulgent, foster childrens beliefs that they are special = more risk

35
Q

self-psychology bij narcisism

A

inflating their own self worth to combat feelings of shame and protect a low self esteem

36
Q

social cognitive model

A

proposes that the behaviour of the person with npd is shaped by the goal of maintaining specialness and the belif that the purpose of interpersonal relationships is to boost self esteem

37
Q

avoidant personality disorder (=anxious/fearful cluster)

A

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism,

4 or more:

avoidance of occupational activities that involve interpersonal contact
alleen met mensen om willen gaan als er certainty is dat ze hen leuk vinden
no intimate relationships: bang for being shamed
inhibited in new interpersonal relationships want shame
views self as socially inept, unappealing or inferior
reluctant to try new things because they are embarrased

38
Q

difference social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder

A

The main difference is that people with social anxiety disorder often know their fears are irrational, while people with avoidant personality disorder believe that they are inferior to others and therefore rejection and humiliation are not only inevitable, but deserved.

39
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

excessive need to be taken care of, 5 or more;

geen decisions kunnen maken zonder hulp
need others to take responsibility
difficulty disagreeing with others want fear of losing support
difficulties doing things on their own want lack of self confidence
doing unpleasant things to get approval
urgently seeking new relationships when one ends
preoccupation of fears of having to take care of self

40
Q

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

intense need for order, perfection and control, at least 4:

preoccupation with rules, details and organization
extreme perfectionism
excessive devotion to work the exclusion of leisure and friendships
inflexibility about morals and values
reluctance to delegate unless others conform to ones standards

bv monica friends

41
Q

wat is het verschil tussen ocd en ocpd

A

OCD is ruled by intrusive thoughts called, obsessions that cause anxiety and force the person to perform compulsions for relief. OCPD is ruled by perfectionism and detail. Unlike individuals with OCD, people with OCPD are not self-aware and can hurt the people around them.

dus ocd is echt intrusive thoughts en vaak compulsions om anxiety te verminderen
ocpd is perfectionism and control

42
Q

psychodynamische therapie=

A

reconsider early experiences that are the root of personality disorders, become aware on how they drive behaviour and reconsider beliefs and responses to those early events

43
Q

schematherapy =

A

child that has unmet needs -> try to account for those

44
Q

mentalisation based treatment

A

helping understand behaviour of others in terms of their mental states

45
Q

transferance focused psychotherapy

A

internalized representation of self in relation to the object, the relationship with the therapist is the working material.

46
Q

dus treatment for personality disorders bv

A

schematherapy
mentalisation based treatment
transferance focused psychotherapy

47
Q

treatment schizotypical personality disorder

A

antipsychotic drugs vooral

48
Q

treatment avoidant personality disorder

A

zelfde als social anxiety: antidepressants, cbt (for negative beliefs about social interactions by teaching strategies for dealing with thiss) + exposure treatment.

49
Q

treatment of borderline personality disorder

A

dialectical behaviour therapy: client centered empathy and acceptance with cbt problem solving, emotional regulation techniques and social skills training

50
Q

four stages of dialectical behaviour therapy

A
  1. dangerous impulsive behaviours are targeted
  2. learning to modulate extreme emotionality
  3. improving self esteem and interpersonal relationships
  4. happiness

Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 (30 decks)

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