NP: Chapter 21 Parkinsons

Question 1

parkinson =

Answer 1

spectrum of progressive neurodegenerative disorders which involve various motor symptoms

Question 2

ook andere naam voor de symptomen

Answer 2

hypokinetic-rigid syndrome, parkinsonism

Question 3

hypokinetic-rigid syndrome, 4 symptoms

Answer 3

1. lack of movement/slowness
2. rigidity
3. rest tremor
4. postural instability

Question 4

lack of movement/slowness soorten

Answer 4

akinesia
hypokinesia
bradykinesia

Question 5

akinesia

Answer 5

when a movement cannot be started immediately

Question 6

hypokinesia

Answer 6

decreased bodily movement, as manifested by limited facial expression or mask-like facial expression

Question 7

rigidity

Answer 7

tightness and sore muscles, movements are stiff and jerky

Question 8

rest tremor

Answer 8

can occur in hands, legs and head, gewoon tremor

Question 9

postural instability

Answer 9

forward bent posture, can easily fall

Question 10

non motor symptoms

Answer 10

fatigue
hyposmia (smell disturbed)
sleep disorders
apathy
cognitive impairments
sexual disinhibition
impulse control
hallucinations

Question 11

hoeveel mensen met PD hebben fatigue en hoeveel hebben pain en hoeveel sleep

Answer 11

fatigue = 50%
pain = 2/3
sleep = 60-98%

Question 12

how do we diagnose pd

Answer 12

diagnosis is only sure post mortem!

maar established als er bradykinesia is met een van de volgende:

rigidity
rest tremor
postural instability

Question 13

prevalence pd in nl

Answer 13

2,38 per 1000

Question 14

parkinsons gender

Answer 14

women more than men

Question 15

hoehn and yahr scale

Answer 15

1. symptoms on one side of the body
2. symptoms on both sides, no balance disorders
3. symptoms on both sides, with balance disorders, patient can function independently
4. both sides, balance, patient requires daily help
5. severely disabled, patient is restricted to a char or bed and requires nursing care

Question 16

parkinsonism in neurons

Answer 16

loss of pigmentation, degenration of dopamine producing neurons in substantia nigra (= compact part)

Question 17

hoeveel van de dopaminergic neurons need to break down to get parkisonian symptoms

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

welke medicatie voor pd

Answer 18

levodopa en dopamine agonists

Question 19

wat zijn bijwerkingen van levodopa

Answer 19

hyperkinetic movemetns or dyskinesia

Question 20

wat als medicatie niet goed meer werkt

Answer 20

brain surgery, deep brain stimulation

Question 21

hoeveel % van de mensen met recently diagnosed pd hebben cognitive impairments

Answer 21

24%

Question 22

welke delen van cogn functions zijn impaired in pd

Answer 22

attention, mental speed, memory, executive functioning, visuospatial deficiencies

Question 23

hoeveel mensen met pd develop dementia

Answer 23

30%

Question 24

diagnosis of parkinsons dementia

Answer 24

1. diagnosis of pd
2. cognitive impairments are progressive
3. cognitive impairments interfere with daily functioning
4. at least 2 of the four domains: attention, memory, executive functions, visuospatial functions

behavioural disturbances are not necessary for diagnosis, but can occur: hallucinations, delusions, agitation, excessive daytime drowsiness, depression, fear, apathy