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Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 > CP: Chapter 10 Substance use disorders > Flashcards

CP: Chapter 10 Substance use disorders Flashcards

1
Q

dsm 5 criteria substance use disorder

A

problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning.

at least 2 within 1 year:
failure to meet obligations
repeated use in situations where it is dangerous
repeated relationship problems
continued use even though there are problems
tolerance
withdrawal
substance taken for longer, or more than intended
efforts to reduce do not work
much time spend to obtain the substance
social/hobbies or work activities reduced or even given up
strong craving

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2
Q

tolerance =

A

larger doses of the substance are needed to produce the desired effect or the effect becomes less

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3
Q

withdrawal =

A

negative physical and psychological effects when ppl stop taking the drug or reduce

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4
Q

wat kan optreden bij alcohol use disorder

A

hallucinations and delirium tremens (fever, disorientation).

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5
Q

wie drinken het meeste alcohol

A

meeste bij college students, en men more than women

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6
Q

short term effects of alcohol

A

stimulates GABA (reduce tension, inhibit)
increases serotonin and dopamine -> pleasure
inhibits glutamate (may lead to cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication, such as slow thinking and memory loss)

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7
Q

long-term effects alcohol

A

prolonged alcohol use + less intake of proteins -> cirrhosis in the liver
heart failure
erectile dysfunction
hypertension
strokes
fetal alcohol syndrome -> slow growth, cranial/facial/limb abnormalities

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8
Q

tobacco use disorder ethiology

A

nicotine is the addicting factor of tobacco -> neural pathways that become activated stimulate dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic areas.

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9
Q

the ill effects of tobacco are greater for..

A

african americans

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10
Q

what happens to babies whose mother smokes during pregnancy

A

born prematurely, lower birth weights, birth defects

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11
Q

what can marijuana interfere with

A

attention, memory, and thinking

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12
Q

physical consequences of marijuana

A

damage lungs and cardiovascular system and lead to cognitive impairments

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13
Q

users can develop tolerance to marijuana, but withdrawal does not have to occur

A

oke

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14
Q

waar wordt marijuana medically voor gebruikt

A

nausea bij chemo, aids, glaucoma, chronic pain, seizures and muscle spasms

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15
Q

opiates soorten

A

opium, morphine, heroin, codeine

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16
Q

wat doen opiates globaal

A

relieve pain, induce sleep

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17
Q

wie gebruiken het meeste heroin

A

both men and women from less urbanized places, mainly ppl who used prescribed pain medication first. meeste white americans

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18
Q

stimulants soorten

A

amphetamines (oa. methamphetamine) and cocaine

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19
Q

amphetamines werking

A

produce wakefullness, alert, euphoria. -> release of norepinephrine and dopamine + blocking the reuptake.

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20
Q

amphetamines gender

A

men en women use equally

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21
Q

methamphetamine

A

immediate high/rush, euphoria.

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22
Q

methamphetamine gender

A

mannen meer dan vrouwen

23
Q

welke brain regions are impacted by methamphetamine

A

brain regions involved in reward and decision making

24
Q

cocaine acts….

A

acts rapidly on the brain, blocks the reuptake of dopamine in mesolimbic areas.

25
Q

cocaine effects

A

sexual desire
feelings of well-being
alertness

long term:
problems, paranoia, trouble sleeping

26
Q

cocaine gender

A

men more than women

27
Q

which drugs usually do not elicit withdrawal

A

marijuana, hallucinogens, ecstasy, pcp

(so no withdrawal, but tolerance can develop!)

28
Q

LSD is een

A

hallucinogen

29
Q

wat doen hallucinogens

A

cause hallucinations, alter sense of time, sharp mood swings, expanded consciousness

30
Q

hallucinogens gender en wie

A

more men, more european americans

31
Q

hoe werken hallucinogens wss

A

via serotonin system en use the 5HT2a

32
Q

ecstasy

A

contains compounds from both hallucinogen and amphetamine families

acts on release and reuptake of serotonin

33
Q

ecstasy effects

A

enhances intimacy, insight, improves relationships, elevates mood, self confidence, promotes awareness.

muscle tension, rapid eye movements, jaw clenching, nausea, sweating, anxiety, depression, depersonalization, confusion

34
Q

pcp =

A

phencyclidine/angel dust

voor paarden, heel heftig

35
Q

substance use disorder hoe gaat het

A

positive attitude - experimentation - regular use - heavy use - dependence or abuse

36
Q

genetic factors in abuse

A

play a role in:
alcohol & maybe nicotine dependence
operation of the dopamine system
ability to tolerate alcohol and metabolize nicotine

37
Q

nearly all drugs stimulate the dopamine system!!!!

A

oke

38
Q

vulnerability model

A

problems in the dopamine system may increase vulnerability of some people to become dependent on a substance

39
Q

toxic effect model

A

problems in the dopamine system are the consequence of taking substances

40
Q

dus verschil vulnerability and toxic effect model

A

vulnerability = problems lead to dependence
toxic effect = dependence leads to problems

41
Q

incentive-sensitization theory

A

dopamine system becomes super sensitive to the direct effects of drugs and cues.
sensitivity to cues -> induces craving -> go to extreme lengths to seek out and obtain drugs -> liking of drug increases, wanting remains intense

42
Q

people with a sbstance use disorder often value the short term pleasure and reward that comes from taking a drug more than the long term reward

A

oke

43
Q

mood alteration

A

when a drug is reinforced because it enhances positive moods or diminishes negative ones

44
Q

expectancies about a substance

A

people may use it after stress because they expect it will reduce tension, not because it actually does.

positive expectancies predict alcohol use, and alcohol use strenghtens these positive expectancies (vicieuze cirkel)

45
Q

what personality factors predict the onset of disorders

A

high negative affect = neuroticism
persistent desire for arousal along with increased positive affect
cautious behaviour
harm avoidance
low agreeableness
low conscientiousness
high levels of disinhibition
high negative emotionality

46
Q

social influence model

A

one is influenced by social networks to use drugs

47
Q

social selection model

A

one chooses a social network of people who conform to their own drug use patterns

48
Q

moderating in drinking

A

pattern of alcohol consumption that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of total abstinence and inebriation

49
Q

peer pressure to quit smoking appears to be as effective as peer pressure to start smoking once was.

A

oke

50
Q

scheduled smoking

A

reduce the amount of nicotine intake gradually over a period of a few weeks

51
Q

wat is de eerste stap in treatment of drug use disorders

A

detoxification

52
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy bij cocaine

A

learning to avoid high risk situations, recognize the lure of the drug and develop alternatives to cocaine

53
Q

opiate antogonists

A

drugs that prevent the user from experiencing the high.
but requires a lot of work, with regular visits to the clinic etc.

54
Q

peer pressure resistance training

A

leren nee te zeggen

Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 (30 decks)

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