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Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 > CP: Chapter 1 The Diagnostic Process > Flashcards

CP: Chapter 1 The Diagnostic Process Flashcards

1
Q

clinical psychodiagnostics is based on 3 elements:

A
  1. theory development of the problem and behaviour = first hypothesis
  2. operationalization and measurement
  3. application of diagnostic methods = step by step diagnostic process
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2
Q

steps in the diagnostic process

A
  1. starting point: referral request
  2. first meeting: formulating questions/reflections
  3. diagnostic scenario with subdivision of basic questions and a theory
  4. testing the theory with 5 diagnostic measures
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3
Q

5 diagnostic measures

A
  1. covert theory into hypothesis
  2. select research tools
  3. testable predications (clear indication when hypothesis is rejected or accepted)
  4. administration and processing
  5. argumentation
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4
Q

5 basic questions in clinical psychology

A

recognition
explanation
prediction
indication
evaluation

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5
Q

recognition =

A

what are the problems, what works and what does not

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6
Q

explanation

A

why do problems exist and what sustains them

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7
Q

predication

A

how will the problems develop in the future

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8
Q

indication

A

how can the problem be resolved

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9
Q

evaluation

A

have the problems been resolved as a result of the intervention

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10
Q

recognitions=

A

inventory and description
organization and categorization in dysfunctional behaviour clusters/disorders
examination of seriousness

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11
Q

3 types of recognition

A

criterion oriented measurement
normative measurement
ipsative measurement (self)

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12
Q

criterion oriented measurement

A

recognition is a result of comparison with predefined standard

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13
Q

normative measurement

A

comparison to a representative comparison group

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14
Q

ipsative measurement

A

comparison to the patient self

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15
Q

verschil tussen classification and diagnostic formulation

A

classification = labelling, limited to comorbidity
diagnostic formulation = focuses on individuals unique clinical picture, which can mean the lack of empirical support

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16
Q

explanation includes

A

the main problem and its components
the conditions that explain the occurence
causal relationship

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17
Q

the causal relationship between the problem and their conditions can be classified via:

A

the locus
the nature of control
the synchronous explanatory conditions + diachronous explanatory conditions
induced conditions + persistent conditions

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18
Q

locus =

A

the person or situation that precedes the problem

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19
Q

nature of control =

A

the cause that explains behaviour and reason that makes the behaviour understandable

20
Q

syncronous and diachronous explanatory conditions

A

synchronous = conditions that coincide with the behaviour
diachronous = conditions that precede the behaviour

21
Q

induced conditions … whilst persistent conditions…

A

give rise to problems
maintain the problems

22
Q

central theory =

A

identifies biological influences, personal characteristic, development and systematic patterns of behaviour

23
Q

predication pertains to the relationship between the present behaviour called … and the future behaviour called …

A

predictor
criterion

24
Q

indication focuses on the question…

A

does the client need treatment, and if yes, what kind?

25
Q

wat zijn 3 aspecten van indication

A

knowledge of treatments and therapists
knowledge of relative usefulness of treatments
knowledge of clients acceptance

26
Q

knowledge of clients acceptance factoren

A
  1. examine clients perspective
  2. provide client with info about treatment, process and therapist
  3. client is presented with options in line with wishes
  4. client selects a therapist and treatment
27
Q

diagnostic cycle

A

observation
induction
deduction
testing
evaluation

28
Q

induction =

A

formulation of theory and hypothesis

29
Q

deduction =

A

deriving testable predictions from the hypotheses

30
Q

reflection phase =

A

weight is given to all of the pieces of info that are influenced by the diagnosticians character, may be referred to other therapists

31
Q

diagnostic scenario=

A

verzameling van alle questions from the application phase. then proposes a tentative theory about the clients problematic behaviour

32
Q

welke diagnostic questions moeten in ieder geval onderzocht worden?

A

recognition, explanation and indication

33
Q

wat is de hypothese van recognition questions

A

is there psychopathology?

34
Q

wat is de hypothese van explanation questions

A

list of explanatory variables

35
Q

indication questions hypothese =

A

assumptions about which treatment is best suited for the client

36
Q

diagnosis and treatment combinations DTC

A

DBC! :)

37
Q

wat is experience sampling

A

People monitor and record their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, often several times a day, as in ecological momentary assessment.

38
Q

projective tests

A

zoals rorschach, TAT -> stimuli are presented and responses are thought to be determined by unconscious processes

39
Q

welke scans laten structuur van het brein zien

A

CT en MRI

40
Q

wat laat pet zien

A

function, en structuur maar veel minder

41
Q

wat laat fmri zien

A

brain structure and brain function

42
Q

tactile performance test time

A

blind folded -> fit shaped blocks into spaces. after that they have to draw the board from memory

43
Q

speech sounds perceptions test

A

listen to nonsense words, select the word they heard from alternatives

44
Q

luria nebraska

A

tests motor speed, memory and spatial ability etc.

45
Q

how to avoid culture bias

A

training programs
modify assessment procedures
put effort in understanding each other
make hypotheses about the influence of a culture on a person

46
Q

skin conductance

A

alle emoties -> sweat gland activity -> increases electrical conductance of the skin

47
Q

what questionnaire do we use to measure stress

A

LED

Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 (30 decks)

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