CP: Chapter 1 The Diagnostic Process Flashcards
clinical psychodiagnostics is based on 3 elements:
- theory development of the problem and behaviour = first hypothesis
- operationalization and measurement
- application of diagnostic methods = step by step diagnostic process
steps in the diagnostic process
- starting point: referral request
- first meeting: formulating questions/reflections
- diagnostic scenario with subdivision of basic questions and a theory
- testing the theory with 5 diagnostic measures
5 diagnostic measures
- covert theory into hypothesis
- select research tools
- testable predications (clear indication when hypothesis is rejected or accepted)
- administration and processing
- argumentation
5 basic questions in clinical psychology
recognition
explanation
prediction
indication
evaluation
recognition =
what are the problems, what works and what does not
explanation
why do problems exist and what sustains them
predication
how will the problems develop in the future
indication
how can the problem be resolved
evaluation
have the problems been resolved as a result of the intervention
recognitions=
inventory and description
organization and categorization in dysfunctional behaviour clusters/disorders
examination of seriousness
3 types of recognition
criterion oriented measurement
normative measurement
ipsative measurement (self)
criterion oriented measurement
recognition is a result of comparison with predefined standard
normative measurement
comparison to a representative comparison group
ipsative measurement
comparison to the patient self
verschil tussen classification and diagnostic formulation
classification = labelling, limited to comorbidity
diagnostic formulation = focuses on individuals unique clinical picture, which can mean the lack of empirical support
explanation includes
the main problem and its components
the conditions that explain the occurence
causal relationship
the causal relationship between the problem and their conditions can be classified via:
the locus
the nature of control
the synchronous explanatory conditions + diachronous explanatory conditions
induced conditions + persistent conditions
locus =
the person or situation that precedes the problem
nature of control =
the cause that explains behaviour and reason that makes the behaviour understandable
syncronous and diachronous explanatory conditions
synchronous = conditions that coincide with the behaviour
diachronous = conditions that precede the behaviour
induced conditions … whilst persistent conditions…
give rise to problems
maintain the problems
central theory =
identifies biological influences, personal characteristic, development and systematic patterns of behaviour
predication pertains to the relationship between the present behaviour called … and the future behaviour called …
predictor
criterion
indication focuses on the question…
does the client need treatment, and if yes, what kind?
wat zijn 3 aspecten van indication
knowledge of treatments and therapists
knowledge of relative usefulness of treatments
knowledge of clients acceptance
knowledge of clients acceptance factoren
- examine clients perspective
- provide client with info about treatment, process and therapist
- client is presented with options in line with wishes
- client selects a therapist and treatment
diagnostic cycle
observation
induction
deduction
testing
evaluation
induction =
formulation of theory and hypothesis
deduction =
deriving testable predictions from the hypotheses
reflection phase =
weight is given to all of the pieces of info that are influenced by the diagnosticians character, may be referred to other therapists
diagnostic scenario=
verzameling van alle questions from the application phase. then proposes a tentative theory about the clients problematic behaviour
welke diagnostic questions moeten in ieder geval onderzocht worden?
recognition, explanation and indication
wat is de hypothese van recognition questions
is there psychopathology?
wat is de hypothese van explanation questions
list of explanatory variables
indication questions hypothese =
assumptions about which treatment is best suited for the client
diagnosis and treatment combinations DTC
DBC! :)
wat is experience sampling
People monitor and record their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, often several times a day, as in ecological momentary assessment.
projective tests
zoals rorschach, TAT -> stimuli are presented and responses are thought to be determined by unconscious processes
welke scans laten structuur van het brein zien
CT en MRI
wat laat pet zien
function, en structuur maar veel minder
wat laat fmri zien
brain structure and brain function
tactile performance test time
blind folded -> fit shaped blocks into spaces. after that they have to draw the board from memory
speech sounds perceptions test
listen to nonsense words, select the word they heard from alternatives
luria nebraska
tests motor speed, memory and spatial ability etc.
how to avoid culture bias
training programs
modify assessment procedures
put effort in understanding each other
make hypotheses about the influence of a culture on a person
skin conductance
alle emoties -> sweat gland activity -> increases electrical conductance of the skin
what questionnaire do we use to measure stress
LED
