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Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 > CP: Chapter 13 Disorders of Childhood > Flashcards

CP: Chapter 13 Disorders of Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

externalizing disorders

A

outward directed behaviours (aggressiveness, noncompliance, overactivity, impulsiveness)

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2
Q

internalizing disorders

A

inward focused experiences and behaviour (depression, social withdrawal, anxiety)

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3
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder dsm 5

A

either A or B:

A: 6 or more manifestations of inattention that do not align with developmental level (mistakes, not listening, distracted, forgetting)

B: 6 or more manifestations of hyperactivity-impulsivity that do not align with developmental level (fidgeting, running, incessant talking, interrupting etc)

some of the above present before the age of 12
present in 2 or more settings (school, home etc)
impairment

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4
Q

what is needed for diagnosis for ppl older than 17 for adhd

A

only 4 signs (instead of 6) of inattention and/or 4 signs of hyperactivity-impulsivity are needed

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5
Q

3 specifiers of adhd

A
  1. predominantly inattentive type
  2. predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
  3. combined type
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6
Q

with wat disorder does adhd often co-occur

A

conduct disorder (gedragsstoornis) en internalizing disorders (depression, anxiety)

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7
Q

adhd prevalence gender

A

mannen 3 : vrouwen 1

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8
Q

hoeveel mensen met adhd meeten deze criteria nog steeds in adulthood

A

15% (60% als het gaat om partial remission ADHD)

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9
Q

heritability adhd

A

80%

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10
Q

dus is adhd genetisch bepaald

A

ja

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11
Q

wat voor changes in brain bij adhd

A

dopamine is anders
frontal areas of brain are smaller and show less activity

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12
Q

what is a predictor of adhd

A

low birth weight

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13
Q

environmental toxins and adhd

A

food = geen bewijs voor
lead = geen bewijs voor
smoking = zelf niet een factor, maar is related to other maternal behaviour that might increase risk

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14
Q

conduct disorder dsm 5

A

repetitive and persistent behaviour that violates the basic rights of others or conventional social norms.

at least 3 in the past 12 months, at least 1 in the past 6 months:
aggression to ppl and animals
destruction of property
deceitfullness or theft
serious violation of rules

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15
Q

intermittent explosive disorder

A

recurrent and impulsive verbal or physical aggressive outbursts, out of proportion

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16
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

if a child does not meet the criteria for intermitted explosive disorder, but loses their temper, argues with parents, refuses to comply and deliberately does things to annoy others.

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17
Q

waarmee heeft conduct disorder vaak comorbidities

A

substance use, anxiety, depression

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18
Q

two different courses of conduct disorder

A
  1. life-course-persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour, starting at the age of 3 into adulthood.
  2. adolescent-limited, typical childhoods, high levels of antisocial behaviour in adolescence but normal in adulthood.
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19
Q

prevalence rate of conduct disorder=

A

6-9%

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20
Q

gender conduct disorder

A

boys more than girls

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21
Q

conduct does order does not always lead to antisocial behaviour

A

oke

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22
Q

genetic factors of conduct disorder

A

low MAOA activity + maltreatment = higher risk conduct disorder

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23
Q

differences in brain function bij conduct disorder

A

reduced amygdala and prefrontal cortex
+ do not fear punishment as much -> therefore dont learn the association bad behaviour - punishment

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24
Q

psychological differences conduct disorder

A

minder moral awareness en dus die punishment minder bang dus minder associaties

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25
Q

social selection =

A

choosing to associate with like-minded peers

26
Q

social influence=

A

being around deviant peers initiates antisocial behaviour

27
Q

family check up treatment

A

three meetings to get to know, assess and provide feedback to parents regarding their child + parenting

28
Q

parent management training

A

parents are taught to modify their responses to children, so that prosocial rather than antisocial behaviour is constantly rewarded.

29
Q

multisystemic treatment

A

therapy sessions in the whole community (fam, school, peer group)

30
Q

depression in children clinical picture

A

depressed mood, inability to experience pleasure, fatigue, concentration issues, suicidal ideation

31
Q

children with major depression are likely to continue to exhibit significant depressive symptoms when assessed, even 4-8 years later

A

oke

32
Q

prevalence depression in children

A

preschool minder dan 1%
school-age 2-3%
adolescence 4-6%

33
Q

gender depression childhood

A

girls more than boys na age of 12
voor age of 12 geen verschil

34
Q

a child with depressed parents is .. more likely to develop depression themselves

A

4 times

35
Q

welke twee psychologische factoren spelen een rol bij depressie

A

negative attribution style
cognitive distortions

36
Q

treatment voor kids depressie

A

prozac, cbt

37
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety about being away from home, onset before 18, with at least 3 symptoms for 4 weeks:

recurrent and excessive distress when separated
worry that someting will happen to them
refusal or reluctance to go to school and sleep without parent
nightmares
repeated physical complaints

38
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

play only with family members or familiar peers, avoinding both old and young strangers. shy

39
Q

ook ocd en ptsd in kinderen

A

oke

40
Q

what behaviour of parents can lead to anxiety

A

parental control and overprotectiveness more than parental rejection

41
Q

wat is coping cat

A

cbt for children with anxiety (confronting fear, developing new ways to think about fears)

42
Q

specific learning disorder

A

difficulties in learning basic academic skills (reading, mathor writing), maar niet door intellectual disability (want dan zou het allemaal poor performance zijn)

43
Q

prevalence dyslexia

A

20%! dus een hele hoop
(boys and girls equal)

44
Q

specific learning disability gender

A

boys more than girls

45
Q

prevalence specific learning disability

A

4-7%

46
Q

dyslexia genetics

A

redelijk heritable, vooral bij parent met more education compared to children with parents that are low educated

47
Q

dyslexia brain regions

A

temporal, parietal, occipital

48
Q

having dyslexia may make dyscalculia worse

A

oke

49
Q

treatment of specific learning disorder

A

focus on instruction in listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in a logical, sequential and multisensory manner

50
Q

intellectual developmental disorder dsm

A

intellectual deficit of 2 or more standard deviations in IQ below average (meestal IQ lager dan 70). onset before age 18.

51
Q

bij hoeveel mensen kan de primary cause of intellectual developmental disorder vastgesteld worden

A

maar 25%

52
Q

genetic afwijkingen bij intellectual developmental disorder

A

downs syndrome (extra chromosome 21)
fragile x syndrome: mutation in fMR1 gene on X chromosome

53
Q

treatment of intellectual disability

A

residential treatment
behavioural treatment
cognitive treatment
computer assisted instructions

54
Q

autism spectrum disorder dsm 5

A

6 or more items:

A: deficits in social communication and social interaction, all of these: nonverbal, development or reelationships or social or emotional reciprocity

B: restricted, repetitive behaviour patterns, at least 2: stereotyped speech/motor/object use, routine, restricted interests, hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input.

onset in early childhood

55
Q

comorbidity of asd

A

intellectual disability, specific learning disorder or anxiety

56
Q

prevalence of asd

A

1/68 children

57
Q

asd gender

A

5 boys: 1 girl

58
Q

best prognosis of asd bij…

A

children with high iq, who learn to speak before age of 6

59
Q

heritability of autism

A

80%

60
Q

brain differences asd

A

overgrowth of brain by age 2, abnormalities in cerebellum

Clinical & Neuropsychology 2 (30 decks)

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