Notes on Staining Techniques Flashcards
_________________ and _____________ is the most commonly used staining technique in histology and routine pathology.
Hematoxylin and eosin
In hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the basic dye, ___________________, stains acidic structures, including nuclei, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Hematoxylin
What color does the basic dye hematoxylin dye structures in H&E staining?
Purplish blue
_____________ is an acidic dye used in H&E staining that stains basic structures red or pink.
Eosin
What proteins typically turn red or pink in H&E staining? Why?
Cytoplasmic proteins because eosin binds to basic structures
What staining technique stains complex carbohydrates a deep red color?
Periodic acid-schiff reaction (PAS)
______________ ____________ is a so-called connective tissue technique because it is used to demonstrate supporting tissue elements, principally collagen.
Masson trichome
In masson trichome staining, three colors can be produced. What are they?
- Blue
- Green or blue
- Bright red
In masson trichrome staining, nuclei and other basophilic structures are stained _____________; collagen is stained ___________ or blue depending upon technique variant; and cytoplasm, nuclei, erthryocytes, and keratin are stained ___________.
Blue
Green
Bright red
_______________ ___________ is a muscin stain that may be used in conjunction with other staining methods.
Alcian blue
Certain types of mucin, but not all, are stained ____________ by the Alcian blue method, as is cartilage. When the technique is combined with van Gieson, however, the Alcian blue color becomes _____________.
Blue
Green
__________ ___________ is another connective tissue method in which collagen is stained ___________, nuclei are blue, and erythrocytes and cytopasm _________________. When used in combination with an elastic stain, elastin is stained ______________.
van Gieson
Red
Yellow
Blue/black
Which staining technique shows the reticulin fibers of supporting tissue, which are stained blue/black?
Reticulin stain
This technique is traditionally classed as a connective tissue method but is excellent for demonstrating fine cytological detail, especially in epithelium.
Azan
In the azan staining technique, nuclei stain _____________; collagen, basement membrane, and mucin stain ___________; and muscle and red blood cells stain orange to red.
Bright red
Blue
This technique is a standard method for staining blood cells and other cell smears. Nuclei are stained dark blue to violet, background cytoplasm pale blue, and erthryocytes pale pink.
Giemsa
This stain is one of the few stains that will differentially stain tissues in very thin epozy resin sections and is particularly used in high-resolution investigations of the glomerulus structures in health and disease.
Toluidine blue
This method is applied to acrylic resin sections of undecalcified bone to distinguish between mineralized bone and unmineralized osteoid and has a hematoxylin component that stains the nuclei of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and marrow cells.
Goldner’s tichrome stain
These methods were popular in the 19th century but today are only occasionally used to demonstrate fine structures in cellular processes.
Silver and gold
These techniques use a basic dye to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum found in neurones.
Nissl and methylene blue
____________ __________ and _____________ stain lipid-containing structures a brownish-black color for light microscopy. ________________ is also used as the staining agent for electron microscopy contrast, resulting in electron-dense structures.
Sudan black and osium
Osium
Which group of techniques are vital for diagnostic purposes and research?
Immunohistological techniques
Immunohistological Techniques
A section of tissue is placed on a glass slide, and a solution of ____(1)_____ is laid over the tissue and then excess is ____________. To demonstrate its position, the _____(1)______ is prelinked to an indicator substance. This may be a fluorescent substance like fluorescein, in which case the technique is known as _______________. It is more useful to bind the ___(1)_____ to an _________________ that is able to convert a colorless substrate to a colored product. Commonly used type is __________________, in which the tehnique is called __________________. A further modification of this principle for EM uses __________(1)__________ linked to _______, as it’s electron-dense, and can be detected via EM. This is known as _____________ _____________.
- Antibodies
- Washed
- Antibody
- Immunofluorescence
- Antibody
- Enzyme
- Horseradish peroxidase
- Immunoperoxidase technique
- Gold
- Immunogold labelling
