Nervous Tissue Flashcards
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons
What are the supportive cells of the nervous system called?
Glial cells
There are two primary structural divisions of the nervous system. What are they?
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The CNS consists of the ______________ and _______________ and acts as the “command center” of the body
Brain
Spinal cord
The PNS consists of nerves conducting impulses to and from the CNS and are composed largely of ________________, small groups of nervous directly outside the CNS
Ganglia
The ________________ nervous system has both CNS and PNS components and processes inputs from the skin, fascia, joints, and muscle into ______________ movement
Sensory
Voluntary
The _________________ nervous system - in addition to its somatic component - also contains a __________________, which consists of input from the stomach and intestines
Somatic
Visceral
What’s the major neurotransmitter of the somatic nervous system?
Aceytlcholine
The ________________ nervous system has CNS and PNS components, too, of which its ______________ functions include the voluntary control of skeletal muscle
Somatic
In the __________________ component of the _____________ nervous system, the involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and the glands can be further subdivided into the __________________ and ______________ nervous systems
Autonomic
Motor
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
In the ___________________ response, the body is “resting and digesting.” In the _________________ response, the body is “fighting, flighting, or freezing.”
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for light activity and sleeping?
Norepinephrine
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous response?
Epinephrine
From what embryonic layer does nervous tissue develo?
Ectoderm
External layer
What part of the early embryo gives rise to the CNS?
Neural tube
What part of the early embryo becomes the PNS?
Neural crest cells that migrate and differentiate
What is the process of nervous tissue development called in the early embryo?
Neurulation
There are four overarching steps to neurulation:
- ) Neural folds and neural ____________________ form from the neural plate
- ) Neural folds elevate and approach one another
- ) As neural folds prepare to fuse and form the neural _______________ and dorsal epidermis, neural crest cells loosen and become _____________________
- ) The mass of neural crest cells initially lies atop the newly formed neural ________________________
Neural crest cells
Neural tube
Mesenchymal
Neural tube
Nervous tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells.
Neurons have __________ processes while glial cells have _____________ processes. Glial cells support and protect neurons and participate in neural activity, neural nutrition, and defense
Long processes
Short processes
____________________________ cells are the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. They are distinct cellular entites with processes that are __________________ with other cells, and they have four regions: _________________, ________________, _________________, and ____________________. They have the property of electrical conduction
Neuronal cells
Contiguous
Dendrite, cell body, axon, synpase
The intercellular connection between individual neurons is called the ______________________
Synpase
What part of the neuron is described?
Contains a slightly ovoid, euchromatic nucleus with basophilic cytoplasm due to its rought ER, numerous Golgi, abudant mitochondria, and actin cytoskeleton
Functions as the tropic center, synthesizing neurotransmitters or precursors
Receives nerve endings that convey excitatory or inhibitory stimulated genearted in other nerve cells
Soma or cell body
What color is the cytoplasm of the neuron’s soma or cell body?
Purple
Why does the cytoplasm of neurons stain purple?
Because its basophilic due to the abundant rought ER, Golgi, and mitochondria
