Adipose Tissue

Question 1

What types of cells predominate in adipose tissue?

Answer 1

Adipocytes

Question 2

__________________ are large cells found isolated or in small groups and clusters within loose or dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 2

Adipocytes

Question 3

Adipose tissue has five major functions. What are thehy?

Answer 3

1. Metabolic regulation
2. Energy storage (triglycerides)
3. Insulation
4. Endocrine (appetitie, immune regulation)
5. Autocrine/paracrine (immune system, lipogenesis/lipolysis)

Question 4

____________________ tissue conducts heat poorly but provides thermal insulation, fills the space between other tissues, and shapes and cushions regions of the body exposed to mechanical stress

Answer 4

Adipose

Question 5

Excess fat is stored in ________________, which expand in size until the fat is used for fuel

Answer 5

Lipocytes

Question 6

What do we mean when we say that adipocytes are active cells?

Answer 6

That they have metabolic functions; they respond to both nervous and hormonal stimuli, and they even release hormones

Question 7

____________________ is a hormone produced more in subcutaneous fat while ______________ is a signaling molecule produced more in visceral fat

Answer 7

Leptin

IL-6

Question 8

Adipose tissue stores ________________________, the largest repository of energy in the body

Answer 8

Triglycerides

Question 9

Other than in the form of triglycerides, how else does the body store energy?

Answer 9

Glycogen

Question 10

There are two types of adipose tissue that differ in their location, structure, color, and pathology. What are these two types?

Answer 10

White adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue

Question 11

Which type of adipose tissue is most common: white or brown?

Answer 11

White

Question 12

_____________________ adipose tissue have cells that contain one large central droplet of whitish-yellowish fat in their cytoplasm

Answer 12

White

Question 13

Where does white adipose tissue tend to be found in the body?

Answer 13

Visceral fat pads and subcutaneous fat pads

Question 14

_____________________ adipose cells have multiple lipid droplets interspersed among abundant mitochondria, which gives this tissue type its distinctive color

Answer 14

Brown

Question 15

In ________________________ cells are spherical when isolated and polyhderal when closely packed together; cells contain one huge lipid droplit that makes up 85% of its cellular weight

Answer 15

White adipose tissue

Question 16

White adipocytes are ____________________, meaning that their triglycerides are stored in a single locus

Answer 16

Unilocular

Question 17

Is white adipose tissue vascularized?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

White adipose tissue is subdivided into incomplete ______________________ by a partition of ___________________________

Answer 18

Lobules

Connective tissue

Question 19

Fat cells or ______________________ make up fat __________________, which make up fat pearls that constitute fat sections

Answer 19

Adipocytes

Fat lobules

Question 20

______________________ fibers form a fine interwoven network that support individual fat cells and bind them together

Answer 20

Reticular

Question 21

A unilocular adipocyte appears as a thin ring of cytoplasm around an empty vacuole, sometimes referred to as the _____________________

Answer 21

Signet ring cell

Question 22

How do nuclei appear in adipocytes?

Answer 22

Falttened because the large lipid droplet pushes nuclei to the side

Question 23

What type of fixative stains lipids black?

Answer 23

Osmium tetroxide

Question 24

What cells are the sole source of the hormone leptin?

Answer 24

Adipocytes

Question 25

Leptin is also known as the ____________________________ because it regulates appetite and participates in regulating the amount of adipose tissue

Answer 25

Satiety factor

Question 26

White adipose tissue differentiates from embryonic mesenchymal cells as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

Lipoblasts

Question 27

Early ___________________ have the appearance of fibroblasts but are able to accumulate ____________ in their cytoplasm

Answer 27

Lipoblasts Fat

Question 28

In lipoblasts, lipid accumulations are isolated from one another at first but soon fuse to form the single large droplet characteristic of _______________________ adipocyte tissue cells

Answer 28

Unilocular

Question 29

What gives brown adipose tissue its color?

Answer 29

Numerous mitochondria

Question 30

Besides numerous mitochondria, what else gives brown adipose tissue its color?

Answer 30

Large number of blood capillaries

Question 31

Brown adipocytes are polygonal and generally _________________ that cells of white adipose tissue, and their cytoplasm contain great number of lipid droplets of various sizes, making them \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

Smaller Multilocular

Question 32

What is the principle function of brown adipose tissue?

Answer 32

Heat production

Question 33

How does brown adipose tissue resemble an endocrine gland?

Answer 33

Cells assume an epithelial-like arrangement closely associated with blood capillaries

Question 34

Brown adipose tissue is subdivided into partitions of connective tissue ____________________ that are better delineated than those of white adipose tissue

Answer 34

Lobules

Question 35

Do brown adipose tissue cells receive direct sympathethic innervation?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Nuclei in brown adipose tissue tend to be _____________________ and centrally located

Answer 36

Spherical

Question 37

The main function of multilocular adipose tissues is to ___________________ by nonshivering \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the physiology of which is best understood in the study of hibernating species

Answer 37

Produce heat Thermogenesis

Question 38

Which emerges first during fetal development - white or brown adipose tissue?

Answer 38

Brown

Question 39

In humans, the amount of brown fat is maximal relative to body weight at ________________ when nonshivering thermogenesis is most needed

Answer 39

Birth

Question 40

Brown adipose tissue largely disappears by ________________________ or is replaced by white fat during childhood

Answer 40

Involution

Question 41

Where can brown adipose tissue be found in adults?

Answer 41

Kidneys Adrenal glands Aorta Mediastinum