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Maternal Nursing > Normal Newborn > Flashcards

Normal Newborn Flashcards

0
Q

how the baby breathes in utero

A

oxygenation is across placental membrane

lungs are filled with fluid and blood vessels are constricted

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1
Q

length of infant transition period from inside to out

A

8 hours

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2
Q

initial breathing is stimulated by reflex of…

A

physical, sensory, and chemical factors

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3
Q

what occurs to respiratory system once cord is cut?

A

decreased arterial o2
increased co2 pressure
decreased ph

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4
Q

benefits of first cry

A

grabs air and clears lungs

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5
Q

physical stimuli at birth

A

heat loss from wet body/cold air
release from fluid environment/gravitational forces
release of resistance from vaginal walls

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6
Q

APGAR scoring

A 
activity 
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration 
at birth, 1 minute and 5 mins
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7
Q

acrocyanosis

A

circulatory (not resp) issue.. infants hands and feet are blue

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8
Q

normal respiration rate and pattern

A

norm- 30-60 /min
tachy- >60/min
shallow, quiet, irregular, nose breather, chest and abdomen rise with inspiration

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9
Q

how the heart adapts

A

closure of foremen ovale (atrium) from pressure in left atrium
ductus arteriosum closes
dectus venosus doesn’t transport blood

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10
Q

normal cardiac rate and rhythm

A

120-160 bpm
irregular
take apical for 1 minute

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11
Q

GI adaptation

A

sucking reflex
enzymes for digestion of fat, CHO, proteins
immature sphincter between esophagus and stomach

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12
Q

tracheosophageal fistula

A

hole/channel between esophagus and tracheal

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13
Q

meconium

A

thick, sticky, dark green/black transitional stool

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14
Q

renal system adaptations

A

urine is present in bladder at birth, void within 24 hours
6-8 wet diapers a day
limited ability to excrete drugs

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15
Q

hepatic system adaptation

A

production of hgb
production of products for blood coagulation
depend on iron for 3months from pregnancy
need iron intake after 4 months

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16
Q

liver changes at birth

A

extra bilirubin that liver needs to break down

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17
Q

immune system

A

risk for infection

breast fed will increase passive immunity for up to 3 months

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18
Q

integumentary system

A 
skin is red and beefy at birth
vernix helps maintain heat
lanugo
desquamation- peeling/scaling
Mongolian spots
milia
Epstein pearls
nevi
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19
Q

Epstein pearls

A

papules on tongue/pallet

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20
Q

nevi

A

birthmarks

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21
Q

Changes with birth- female reproductive

A

Labia is swollen and covers the clitoris

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22
Q

Changes with birth - male

A

Urinary meatus is at the tip of the penis, testes are descended, scrotum is large

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23
Q

Changes with birth - musculoskeletal system

A

Flexed position, symmetrical movements, head is largest part, cranium is molding, Fontanels open

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24
Anterior fontanel location and when it closes
At the top of the head, larger, closes at 18 months
25
Posterior fontanel
Back of the head, closes in 6-8 weeks after birth
26
Neurological system Changes with birth
Uncoordinated movements, startles easily
27
Moro-startle reflex
Arms go out when startled
28
Babinski reflex
Toes fan out= positive, up to 2 years
29
Tonic neck reflex
Fencing position with one arm out
30
Feeding reflexes
Rooting, sucking, swallowing, gag
31
Grasp reflex
Closes hand around finger
32
Stepping or dancing reflex
Pulls feet up when they hit a surface
33
Cough and sneeze reflex
Sneezing because of fluid in the esophagus
34
Metabolic control Changes with birth
Burns brown fat to keep warm, heat depletes rapidly when exposed to air
35
Heat loss-convection
Heat flows from body surface in cooler surrounding air- prevent heat loss with warm room and wrap infant
36
Heat loss- radiation
Lose body heat it cooler solid surface, not in direct contact (window)
37
Heat loss-evaporation
Loss of heat when liquid converts to vapor, dry newborn immediately
38
Heat loss- conduction
Lose heat directly from body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact
39
Sensory changes with birth
Right sided preference, alert if held upright
40
Visual sensory changes with birth
Like back dots on white background, moving items, circles, recognize faces, see 9-12 inches away
41
Auditory senses changes with birth
Becomes acute within the first few hours, can't tell which way a sound is coming from, can tell moms and dads voices in two weeks
42
Sensory- touch changes with birth
Very sensitive, cuddle and swaddle
43
Hematology levels
Hemoglobin- 16-20 g/dl | Hematocrit- 45-65%
44
Bilirubin changes
Released with destruction of RBCs, excreted in feces and bile
45
Physiologic jaundice
Increased bilirubin during 2nd-3rd day of life, subsides by 2nd week
46
Pathological jaundice
Occurs within first 24 hours and is bc of over abundance of RBCs that need to be broken down
47
What helps with blood coagulation that newborns cannot produce?
Vitamin k- they need anyhow of it at birth to help
48
Sleep state I
Deep sleep
49
Sleep state II
Light sleep
50
Awake state III
Drowsy
51
Awake state IV
Alert- feed at this stage
52
Awake state V
Eyes open- feet at this state
53
Awake state VI
Crying
54
Upon admission to nursery
``` Clear mucus from nose First feeding with sterile water Hand wash and use gloves Match bracelets Check blood glucose Erythromycin in eyes ```
55
Physical assessment of newborn
Skin turgor, plantar creases, head and chest circumference, nose shape, ear placement, palate and lips, eye symmetry and movement, fontanels, abdomen bowel sounds, appropriate genitalia, extremities, birthmarks, reflexes
56
Circumcision care
Cover with sterile gauze with sterile petroleum jelly, note voiding and bleeding, expect yellow exudate
57
How many diapers a day
8-10
58
Discharge teaching
Safety, cord care, feeding, circumcision care
59
Symptoms to report to dr with newborn
Temperature over 100 axillary, respiratory distress

Maternal Nursing (22 decks)

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