Newborn Nutrition Flashcards
Psychological influences on feeding
Depression, bonding, anxiety
Physical influences on feeding
Hormonal issues, handicap, breast cancer, inverted nipples, born in nicu, medications, infection, pain
Social influences on feeding
Cost, work, timing, support
Cultural influences on feeding
Social stigmas, modesty
Advantages to early feeding after birth
Baby is alert, eager, stimulates meconium excretion, coats GI system, vitamin k production
Cranial nerves associated with rooting reflex
5
Cranial nerves associated with sucking reflex
9 10 12
Cranial nerves associated with swallowing and gag reflex
9 and 10
What to assess during a feeding assessment
Color of infant, respirations, choking, vomiting, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia
Esophagus ends in a blind sack and food goes right back up
Caloric requirement for ages 0-6 months
115 kcal/kg/day
Weight gain of infants
Loses 5-10% in first week
Regains by day 10
Doubles by 6 months
Triples by 1 year
Advantages of breast feeding
Nutritionally superior, bacterially safe, always available, fresh, anti infectious factors, immune cells, least allergenic, helps uterus get back to normal size, strong jaw and teeth development, bonding, milk changes as infant ages, laxative effect
Hormones and milk production
Sucking stimulates hypothalamus
Hypothalamus releases prolactin
Prolactin produces milk
Hormones and milk let down
Sucking stimulates hypothalamus
Hypothalamus releases oxytocin
Oxytocin causes milk to be let out
Colostrum characteristics
Day 1-3, yellow, high in protein, low in fat, rich source of antibodies, helps pass meconium
First time breast feeding (care and set up)
Wash hands, restful, calm environment, comfortable position, infant should grasp most of nipple press breast away from nose, nurse 5-10 mins each side, increase time slowly, alternate sides, rotate positions
Signs of satisfaction with breast feeding
Content, sleeping 2-3 hours, gaining weight, wet diapers and 2 stools/day
Maternal nutrition
Balanced diet, increased protein + 500 extra cals a day, 3-4 quarts of water, prenatal vitamins as long as breast feeding, no birth control pills
Potential breast feeding problems
Leaking, sore nipples, weaning, mastitis (breast infection)
Bottle feeding
Emulates breast milk, increased protein
What to avoid with infants
Whole, skim milk, evaporate milk, honey
Positioning for bottle feeding
Sit upright, don’t prop bottle, don’t leave bottle in mouth, keep nipple filled with formula
Intro to solids
Start introducing by 6 months, one food at a time, rice cereals, vegetables, then fruit
