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Maternal Nursing > Conception And Fetal Development > Flashcards

Conception And Fetal Development Flashcards

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0
Q

Conception occurs in the…

A

Ampulla of the Fallopian tubes (not uterus)

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1
Q

Conception

A

Union of eggs and sperm and marks the beginning of pregnancy.

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2
Q

Ovum comes from….

A

The grafting follicle at ovulation

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3
Q

Two protective layers of the ovum

A

Zona Pellucida

Corona Radiata

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4
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Thick shapeless membrane that covers the ovum

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5
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Outer ring composed of elongated cells that are held together by hyaluronic acid

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6
Q

What chance of conception is there with a healthy cycle and good variables?

A

25%

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7
Q

Length of time it takes sperm to reach ovum and how long they are viable for

A

4-6 hours

72 hours

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8
Q

What is capacitation

A

When the sperm is exposed to the reproductive tract and it’s protective coating on the acrosome (head) comes off. Enzymes escape and the enzymes are necessary for sperm to penetrate the egg

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9
Q

What is the Zona Reaction ?

A

When an egg is penetrated by one sperm, another will not be able to fertilize it and the egg will degenerate if it happens

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10
Q

What is a pronuclei?

A

When the nucleus of the spermatozoa and ovum become distinct bodies of chromatin (chromosomes)

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11
Q

What is the name of the structure with 46 chromosomes

A

Zygote

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12
Q

What are the three main events of the pre embryonic period?

A

Divisions of cells
Implantation
Development of fetal membranes

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13
Q

How many times does the zygote divide?

A

Until 64 cells are produced

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14
Q

At what number cell stage does the zygote enter the uterus?

A

16 cells stage (morula)

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15
Q

What is a morula?

A

A 16 cell stage surrounded by a Zona Pellucida

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16
Q

What has to happen before a zygote embeds?

A

Divide into a blastocyst

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17
Q

What happens during implantation?

A

The Zona Pellucida degenerates
Structural changes occur
Fluid in the center pushes cells to the outside border
The inner cell mass (blastocyst) becomes the embryo and embryonic membranes

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18
Q

What is the outer cell mass of the embryo called and what is its principle function?

A

Trophoblast- eventually become the chorion

To secure food for the embryo and embed the ovum

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19
Q

Where is the ovum usually implanted

A

Upper part of uterine wall

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20
Q

What are chronic villi

A

Finger like projections that develop out of trophoblasts into the endometrium

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21
Q

Why are chronic villi important

A

They contain blood vessels that get O2 and nutrients from moms blood and dispose of waste
They also secrete Hgc hormone

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22
Q

What is the corpus luteum

A

Secretes progesterone until the placenta is formed

23
Q

What is HGC?

A

Human chorionic gonadatropin

A hormone that maintains progesterone production by the corpus luteum

24
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Supports to product of conception- holds off the period

25
Q

What does the endometrium change to once fertilization and implantation takes place?

A

Decidua

26
Q

What is a decidua?

A

A structure that loses its structure after 40 weeks… In this case a gestation term instead of monthly (uterus)

27
Q

What is a decidua basalis?

A

The part directly under the embedded ovum that forms the placenta

28
Q

What is the decidua calsularis?

A

The portion that overlies the ovum and separates it from the rest of the uterine cavity

29
Q

What is the decidua Vera?

A

The remaining portion that is not in immediate contact with the fertilized ovum

30
Q

What is the chorion?

A

The outermost embryonic membrane that is furthest from the embryo and closest to the mother. It covers the fetal side of the placenta

31
Q

What is the chorion developed from?

A

The trophoblast

32
Q

What is the amnion?

A

It is generated from fluid filled space around the embryo called the amniotic cavity. It’s lined with a glistening smooth membrane. It encases the fetus with fluid and is closest to the fetus

33
Q

Characteristics of Amniotic fluid

A

Fetus floats in it, maintains temperature, provides cushion against injury, clear yellow to straw, fetus drinks and voids into it

34
Q

What does amniotic fluid contain?

A

Lanugo, albumin, urea, epithelial cells, vernix

35
Q

What is lanugo

A

Fetal hair

36
Q

What is vernix

A

Cheese like substance that coats baby

37
Q

When does the heart start beating

A

10 days

38
Q

What is the shiny vs dirty side of the placenta

A

Shiny side- fetal side

Dirty side- mothers side

39
Q

When is the embryonic period and when are organs fully functionable?

A

3-8 weeks, at 8 weeks organs are formed and functioning

40
Q

What is organogenesis

A

Organ system development

41
Q

What is the function of the placenta

A

To connect the fetus to the uterine wall via umbilical cord to provide nutrients, respiration, and excretory functions

42
Q

When is the placenta functional and what stood in its place until it was developed?

A

12 weeks, chorion

43
Q

What does the placenta act as

A

Lungs, kidneys, endocrine, digestive system, liver and immune system

44
Q

What viruses can cross to baby?

A

Hep b and HIV

45
Q

Characteristics of placenta

A

Maternal side is rough, bloody, 22 irregularly shaped lobes, round, 8-10 inches
Fetal side is smooth and shiny

46
Q

What hormones does the placenta produce

A

Progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, hpl (human placental lactogen for breast milk production)

47
Q

What are the germ layers?

A

Ectoderm- outer
Mesoderm- middle
Endoderm- inner

48
Q

Function and structure of umbilical cord

A 
Connects fetus to placenta to mother
Has 2 arteries and 1 vein
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Vein carries oxygenated blood
18-22 inches long
49
Q

What is whartons jelly

A

Jelly like substance in umbilical cord that is 90% water

50
Q

What are the 2 blood circulations

A

Bypasses fetal lung

Oxygenation occurs in placenta

51
Q

What does blood bypass while going through the umbilical vein?

A

Ductus venosus then to inferior vena cava

52
Q

What does the foremen ovale do

A

Shunts blood to body

53
Q

What must the foremen ovale do once born?

A

Snap shut because it is critical to respirations

54
Q

What do the ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus do once born?

A

Atrophy and become ligaments

55
Q

When does atrial-septal defect result?

A

When the foremen ovale doesn’t snap shut

Maternal Nursing (22 decks)

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