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Maternal Nursing > Antepartal Care > Flashcards

Antepartal Care Flashcards

0
Q

Definition of gravida

A

Woman who is pregnant

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1
Q

Definition of Gravidity

A

State of pregnancy

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2
Q

Multigravida

A

Woman who has had two or more pregnancies

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3
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies where the fetus reached 20-24 weeks- not the number of children

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4
Q

Definition of A.B.

A

Abortion

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5
Q

Definition of S.A.B.

A

Spontaneous abortion

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6
Q

Definition of viability

A

Ability to live outside of the uterus, usually 20-24 weeks or 500grams or more

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7
Q

Multipara

A

Women who had 2 or more pregnancies that were viable

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8
Q

Definition of stillborn

A

Fetus that shows no life after birth

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9
Q

Definition of preterm

A

A fetus that has reached 20 weeks but not older than 37 weeks

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10
Q

Duration of pregnancy in days and weeks

A

About 280 days or 40-42 weeks

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11
Q

Determining due date- Nagel’s Rule

A

1st day of last period minus 3 months plus 7 days

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12
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester uterus

A

Braxton hicks contractions start but are not usually felt

Endometrium changes to deciduous

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13
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester uterus

A

Enlarges, uterus walls thin and soften
20-22 weeks can be palpated at umbilicus
Braxton hicks contractions felt at this point

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14
Q

Braxton hicks contractions

A

Physiologic flexion of the uterus

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15
Q

Mcdonalds sign

A

Ability of the uterus to become easily flexed at the site of where the uterus and cervix join

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16
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester- uterus

A

Becomes it’s greatest size
Braxton hicks contractions increase in frequency
38-40 weeks fundus is located at the tip of the xyphiod process

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17
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester cervix

A 
Softening occurs
Hegers and Goodell signs 
Increased vascularity
Chadwick's sign
Increased blood flow 
Mucous plug forms in endocervical canal
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18
Q

Hagers sign

A

The isthmus of the uterus widens to where it can be felt on a bimanual exam

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19
Q

Goodells sign

A

Softening of the cervix related to vasocongestion and hyper trophy of the cervical glands

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20
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Increased blood flow that causes the cervix to turn bluish purple

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21
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester cervix

A

No new changes just ones from 1st

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22
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester cervix

A

Bloody show occurs from mucous plug dislodging

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23
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester vagina

A

Vascularity increases

Ph becomes acidic due to increase of lactic acid production from glycogen (helps keep it free of pathogenic organisms)

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24
Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester vagina
Tissues loosen Small muscle cells hyper trophy Changes allow for distention and move ability to allow passage of baby
25
Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester vagina
Increase vaginal secretions
26
Changes with pregnancy- 1st & 2nd trimester- Fallopian tubes
Few structural changes, site of fertilization
27
Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester Fallopian tubes
Tubes are high in the abdomen
28
Changes with pregnancy- ovaries
Ovulation stops while pregnant | Corpus luteum secretes pregnancy hormones
29
What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete
Progesterone estrogen and relaxin
30
Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester breasts
Increase in size and tenderness from progesterone Increased blood flow Nipples and areola darken
31
Changes with pregnancy- 2nd & 3rd trimester breasts
Colostrum can be expressed from 5th month to birth
32
Changes with pregnancy- pituitary gland
Increase in prolactin which prepares breast for lactation. | Hypothalamus inhibits LH & FSH (FSH makes egg, LH releases it)
33
Changes with pregnancy- thyroid gland
Mild enlargement
34
Changes with pregnancy- pancreas
Insulin requirements and production changes in response to fetal demand for glucose
35
Changes with pregnancy- placenta
Once developed at 12 weeks takes over production of pregnancy hormones
36
What does relaxin do
Helps the pelvic girdle to relax
37
Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester cardiovascular system
Blood volume, cardiac output, and resting pulse increases
38
Changes with pregnancy- cardiovascular 2nd trimester
Cardiac output reaches peak of 30-50% over norm HR is over 10 bpm norm Blood volume expands rapidly- increase in plasma then RBC, slight decrease in hgb
39
What is the rational for the increase in blood volume?
Supply placenta and fetus and also to compensate for loss of blood during delivery
40
Changes with pregnancy- cardiovascular 3rd trimester
High cardiac output, high blood volume, heart is pushed up and to the left, HR 15 bpm above normal s3 sound may occur and is normal bc of the increases blood flow
41
Changes with pregnancy- respiratory system 1st trimester
Increases tidal volume, total oxygen carrying capacity of RBC increase, woman breathes more deeply, nasal stuffiness, nose bleeds, congestion because of vasocongestion
42
Changes with pregnancy- respiratory system 2nd trimester
Diaphragm is displaces bc of uterus, rib cage expands, SOB may occur
43
Changes with pregnancy- respiratory 3rd trimester
Diaphragm rises higher in chest Chest diameters increase Need for more oxygen
44
Changes with pregnancy- kidneys 1st trimester
Increase in size and weight Gfr increases Prone to uti Uterus press against bladder and causes urination frequency
45
Changes with pregnancy- kidneys 2nd trimester
Urinary frequency increases Gfr rises 50% Glucose, electrolytes, h2o vitamins may be expelled
46
Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester kidneys
Fetus puts pressure on bladder
47
Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 1st trimester
Hair seems thicker, linea nigra appears, warm feeling from blood flow, nails soften and grow thicker
48
Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 2nd trimester
Skin darkens around areola, nipples and vulva, melasma may occur
49
What is linea nigra
Dark line of pigment from top of pubis synthesis to fundus
50
Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 3rd trimester
Striae, increased sweat, spider vein
51
Changes with pregnancy- musculoskeletal 1st trimester
Minimal changes
52
Changes with pregnancy- musculoskeletal 2nd trimester
Hip joints relax, center of gravity changes, gait changes lower ab and inguinal pain
53
Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester musculoskeletal
Pelvic girdle joints relax, walking is difficult
54
Changes with pregnancy- GI 1st trimester
``` Gums are sensitive Constipation Time to absorb nutrients increases Nausea and vomiting Taste and smell altered ```
55
Changes with pregnancy- GI 2nd trimester
Stomach capacity seems less | Gastric reflux
56
Changes with pregnancy- GI 3rd trimester
Everything just continues
57
Presumptive symptoms of pregnancy
``` Amenorrhea (no period) N/V Breast tenderness Urinary frequency Fatigue Quickening ```
58
Presumptive Signs
``` Increase temperature Linea nigra Melasma Striae Secondary breast tissue enlargement Colostrum ```
59
Probable signs of pregnancy
``` Chadwick's sign Goodell sign Hegars sign Uterine englargement Braxton hicks Ballottement of uterus Uterine soufflé Positive pregnancy test ```
60
Positive signs of pregnancy
Fetal heartbeat heard Fetal movements felt Fetal outline seen on ultrasound
61
Ballottement of uterus
Examiner can feel fetus move away and back
62
Uterine souffle
Sound of blood rushing through placenta
63
Maternal tasks of pregnancy
Accept fact of pregnancy Accept fetus as different from themselves Prepare for active parenting
64
Prenatal care- definition
Care delivers by a combo of professionals throughout pregnancy and post Parton
65
Sequence of dr visits when pregnant
1st trimester- one visit a month 2nd- one visit every 2 weeks 3rd- one visit a week
66
1st Prenatal visit
Health hx, PE, preg test, blood type, rh factor, rubella titer, culture of cervix, hep b, HIV syphilis test, hcg level
67
Alpha fetoprotein study
Done 14-20 weeks in. Detects neural tube defects (spina bifida)
68
Red flags during pregnancy
Gestational diabetes, high BP, malaise, fever, headache, abnormal edema, sudden vaginal bleeding, spontaneous rupture or leakage, lack of fetal movement
69
Common discomforts of pregnancy
``` Urinary frequency N/v, Heartburn Constipation Backache Hemorrhoid a ```
70
Nutrition during pregnancy
Healthy diet before conception is the best way to ensure adequTe nutrition,
71
Weight gain during pregnancy
Gain 25-30 lbs 3-4lbs 1st trimester 1lb per week after
72
Recommend vitamin intake
``` 300+ calories than normal 1300mg of calcium 27 mg of iron 60 g of protein 400mcg of folic acid ```

Maternal Nursing (22 decks)

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