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Maternal Nursing > Antepartal Care > Flashcards

Antepartal Care Flashcards

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0
Q

Definition of gravida

A

Woman who is pregnant

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1
Q

Definition of Gravidity

A

State of pregnancy

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2
Q

Multigravida

A

Woman who has had two or more pregnancies

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3
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies where the fetus reached 20-24 weeks- not the number of children

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4
Q

Definition of A.B.

A

Abortion

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5
Q

Definition of S.A.B.

A

Spontaneous abortion

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6
Q

Definition of viability

A

Ability to live outside of the uterus, usually 20-24 weeks or 500grams or more

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7
Q

Multipara

A

Women who had 2 or more pregnancies that were viable

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8
Q

Definition of stillborn

A

Fetus that shows no life after birth

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9
Q

Definition of preterm

A

A fetus that has reached 20 weeks but not older than 37 weeks

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10
Q

Duration of pregnancy in days and weeks

A

About 280 days or 40-42 weeks

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11
Q

Determining due date- Nagel’s Rule

A

1st day of last period minus 3 months plus 7 days

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12
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester uterus

A

Braxton hicks contractions start but are not usually felt

Endometrium changes to deciduous

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13
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester uterus

A

Enlarges, uterus walls thin and soften
20-22 weeks can be palpated at umbilicus
Braxton hicks contractions felt at this point

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14
Q

Braxton hicks contractions

A

Physiologic flexion of the uterus

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15
Q

Mcdonalds sign

A

Ability of the uterus to become easily flexed at the site of where the uterus and cervix join

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16
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester- uterus

A

Becomes it’s greatest size
Braxton hicks contractions increase in frequency
38-40 weeks fundus is located at the tip of the xyphiod process

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17
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester cervix

A 
Softening occurs
Hegers and Goodell signs 
Increased vascularity
Chadwick's sign
Increased blood flow 
Mucous plug forms in endocervical canal
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18
Q

Hagers sign

A

The isthmus of the uterus widens to where it can be felt on a bimanual exam

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19
Q

Goodells sign

A

Softening of the cervix related to vasocongestion and hyper trophy of the cervical glands

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20
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Increased blood flow that causes the cervix to turn bluish purple

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21
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester cervix

A

No new changes just ones from 1st

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22
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester cervix

A

Bloody show occurs from mucous plug dislodging

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23
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester vagina

A

Vascularity increases

Ph becomes acidic due to increase of lactic acid production from glycogen (helps keep it free of pathogenic organisms)

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24
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd trimester vagina

A

Tissues loosen
Small muscle cells hyper trophy
Changes allow for distention and move ability to allow passage of baby

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25
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester vagina

A

Increase vaginal secretions

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26
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st & 2nd trimester- Fallopian tubes

A

Few structural changes, site of fertilization

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27
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester Fallopian tubes

A

Tubes are high in the abdomen

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28
Q

Changes with pregnancy- ovaries

A

Ovulation stops while pregnant

Corpus luteum secretes pregnancy hormones

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29
Q

What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete

A

Progesterone estrogen and relaxin

30
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester breasts

A

Increase in size and tenderness from progesterone
Increased blood flow
Nipples and areola darken

31
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 2nd & 3rd trimester breasts

A

Colostrum can be expressed from 5th month to birth

32
Q

Changes with pregnancy- pituitary gland

A

Increase in prolactin which prepares breast for lactation.

Hypothalamus inhibits LH & FSH (FSH makes egg, LH releases it)

33
Q

Changes with pregnancy- thyroid gland

A

Mild enlargement

34
Q

Changes with pregnancy- pancreas

A

Insulin requirements and production changes in response to fetal demand for glucose

35
Q

Changes with pregnancy- placenta

A

Once developed at 12 weeks takes over production of pregnancy hormones

36
Q

What does relaxin do

A

Helps the pelvic girdle to relax

37
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 1st trimester cardiovascular system

A

Blood volume, cardiac output, and resting pulse increases

38
Q

Changes with pregnancy- cardiovascular 2nd trimester

A

Cardiac output reaches peak of 30-50% over norm
HR is over 10 bpm norm
Blood volume expands rapidly- increase in plasma then RBC, slight decrease in hgb

39
Q

What is the rational for the increase in blood volume?

A

Supply placenta and fetus and also to compensate for loss of blood during delivery

40
Q

Changes with pregnancy- cardiovascular 3rd trimester

A

High cardiac output, high blood volume, heart is pushed up and to the left, HR 15 bpm above normal
s3 sound may occur and is normal bc of the increases blood flow

41
Q

Changes with pregnancy- respiratory system 1st trimester

A

Increases tidal volume, total oxygen carrying capacity of RBC increase, woman breathes more deeply, nasal stuffiness, nose bleeds, congestion because of vasocongestion

42
Q

Changes with pregnancy- respiratory system 2nd trimester

A

Diaphragm is displaces bc of uterus, rib cage expands, SOB may occur

43
Q

Changes with pregnancy- respiratory 3rd trimester

A

Diaphragm rises higher in chest
Chest diameters increase
Need for more oxygen

44
Q

Changes with pregnancy- kidneys 1st trimester

A

Increase in size and weight
Gfr increases
Prone to uti
Uterus press against bladder and causes urination frequency

45
Q

Changes with pregnancy- kidneys 2nd trimester

A

Urinary frequency increases
Gfr rises 50%
Glucose, electrolytes, h2o vitamins may be expelled

46
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester kidneys

A

Fetus puts pressure on bladder

47
Q

Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 1st trimester

A

Hair seems thicker, linea nigra appears, warm feeling from blood flow, nails soften and grow thicker

48
Q

Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 2nd trimester

A

Skin darkens around areola, nipples and vulva, melasma may occur

49
Q

What is linea nigra

A

Dark line of pigment from top of pubis synthesis to fundus

50
Q

Changes with pregnancy- integumentary system 3rd trimester

A

Striae, increased sweat, spider vein

51
Q

Changes with pregnancy- musculoskeletal 1st trimester

A

Minimal changes

52
Q

Changes with pregnancy- musculoskeletal 2nd trimester

A

Hip joints relax, center of gravity changes, gait changes lower ab and inguinal pain

53
Q

Changes with pregnancy- 3rd trimester musculoskeletal

A

Pelvic girdle joints relax, walking is difficult

54
Q

Changes with pregnancy- GI 1st trimester

A 
Gums are sensitive
Constipation
Time to absorb nutrients increases 
Nausea and vomiting 
Taste and smell altered
55
Q

Changes with pregnancy- GI 2nd trimester

A

Stomach capacity seems less

Gastric reflux

56
Q

Changes with pregnancy- GI 3rd trimester

A

Everything just continues

57
Q

Presumptive symptoms of pregnancy

A 
Amenorrhea (no period)
N/V
Breast tenderness
Urinary frequency
Fatigue
Quickening
58
Q

Presumptive Signs

A 
Increase temperature
Linea nigra
Melasma
Striae
Secondary breast tissue enlargement
Colostrum
59
Q

Probable signs of pregnancy

A 
Chadwick's sign
Goodell sign 
Hegars sign
Uterine englargement
Braxton hicks 
Ballottement of uterus 
Uterine soufflé
Positive pregnancy test
60
Q

Positive signs of pregnancy

A

Fetal heartbeat heard
Fetal movements felt
Fetal outline seen on ultrasound

61
Q

Ballottement of uterus

A

Examiner can feel fetus move away and back

62
Q

Uterine souffle

A

Sound of blood rushing through placenta

63
Q

Maternal tasks of pregnancy

A

Accept fact of pregnancy
Accept fetus as different from themselves
Prepare for active parenting

64
Q

Prenatal care- definition

A

Care delivers by a combo of professionals throughout pregnancy and post Parton

65
Q

Sequence of dr visits when pregnant

A

1st trimester- one visit a month
2nd- one visit every 2 weeks
3rd- one visit a week

66
Q

1st Prenatal visit

A

Health hx, PE, preg test, blood type, rh factor, rubella titer, culture of cervix, hep b, HIV syphilis test, hcg level

67
Q

Alpha fetoprotein study

A

Done 14-20 weeks in. Detects neural tube defects (spina bifida)

68
Q

Red flags during pregnancy

A

Gestational diabetes, high BP, malaise, fever, headache, abnormal edema, sudden vaginal bleeding, spontaneous rupture or leakage, lack of fetal movement

69
Q

Common discomforts of pregnancy

A 
Urinary frequency
N/v, 
Heartburn 
Constipation
Backache
Hemorrhoid a
70
Q

Nutrition during pregnancy

A

Healthy diet before conception is the best way to ensure adequTe nutrition,

71
Q

Weight gain during pregnancy

A

Gain 25-30 lbs
3-4lbs 1st trimester
1lb per week after

72
Q

Recommend vitamin intake

A 
300+ calories than normal
1300mg of calcium
27 mg of iron
60 g of protein
400mcg of folic acid

Maternal Nursing (22 decks)

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