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Microbiology > Normal Flora > Flashcards

Normal Flora Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the diverse microbacterial flora present in? (6 points)

A 
Skin
Mucous membrane
Mouth
Throat
Pharynx
Vagina
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2
Q

What are the 4 normal flora present in these sites?

A

Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Yeast

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3
Q

What is are the 3 examples of Gram positive cocci normal flora?

A

S.epidermidis
Viridans sterptococci
Enterococci

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4
Q

What is an example of Gram negative cocci normal flora?

A

Neisseria

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5
Q

What is an example of Gram positive bacilli normal flora?

A

Diphtheria

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6
Q

What is an example of yeast normal flora?

A

Candida

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7
Q

When are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?

A

After birth

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8
Q

Until when are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?

A

Death

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9
Q

What are not considered members of these diverse microbacterial flora?

A

Viruses

Parasites

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10
Q

Describe these viruses and parasites which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora

A

Not commensals

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11
Q

What isn’t done by these viruses and parasites to the host ,which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora?

A

Aid

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of normal flora?

A

Resident bacteria

Transient

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13
Q

Describe the resident flora bacteria

A

Stable

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14
Q

Where are the resident flora bacteria regularly found at?

A

Any anatomical site

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15
Q

What do they do to certain tissues?

A

Colonization

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16
Q

What 3 factors make them colonize certain tissues?

A

Tissue tropism
Specific adherence receptors
Biofilm formation

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17
Q

What does the host provide for the resident flora bacteria in tissue tropism? (5 points)

A 
Essential nutrients 
Growth factors
Oxygen
pH
Temperature
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18
Q

Describe the oxygen, pH and temperature used for the growth of the resident flora bacteria

A

Suitable

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19
Q

What are some resident flora bacteria able to do with the biofilm? (2 points)

A

Construction

Colonization

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20
Q

Where are some resident flora bacteria able to construct the biofilm on?

A

Tissue surface

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21
Q

What is the colonized biofilm built by?

A

Another bacterial species

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22
Q

What does the balance between the microbes vary with? (3 points)

A

Age
Antibiotics
Disruption

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23
Q

Which destruction does the balance between the microbes vary with?

A

Normal anatomic or physiologic function

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24
Q

Describe the occurrence of the transient normal flora in the body

A

Not always present

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25
Q

For how long does the transient normal flora stay in the body?

A

Days
Weeks
Months

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26
Q

Describe these days, weeks and months

A

Few

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27
Q

What are the 4 functions of the normal flora?

A

Resistance
Stimulation
Synthesis
Secretion

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28
Q

What does the normal flora resist?

A

Infection

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29
Q

What are the 3 ways in which the normal flora resist the infection?

A

Prevention
Secretion
Antagonization

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30
Q

What does the normal flora prevent in order to resist the infection?

A

Colonization

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31
Q

What is this colonization of?

A

Pathogens

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32
Q

How does the normal flora prevent the colonization of the pathogens to resist the infection?

A

Competition

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33
Q

What does the normal flora compete for?

3 points

A

Attachment sites
Receptors
Essential nutrients

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34
Q

What is this known as?

A

Bacterial interference

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35
Q

What does the normal flora secrete in order to resist the infection?

A

Mucin

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36
Q

What does the normal flora prevent when it secretes mucin?

A

Attachment

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37
Q

The attachment of what is prevented when the normal flora secrete mucin?

A

Pathogens

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38
Q

What does the normal flora antagonizes in order to resist the infection?

A

Other bacteria

39
Q

What substances antagonizes the other bacteria?

A

Bacteriocins

40
Q

What does these substances to the other bacteria? (2 points)

A

Inhibition

Killing

41
Q

What is stimulated by the normal flora in order to resist the infection?

A

Immune system

42
Q

What occurs in the stimulation of the immune system?

A

Cross reactivity

43
Q

What does the cross reactivity occur between?

A

Related bacteria

44
Q

What are produced in response to normal flora?

A

Antibodies

45
Q

What is the function of these antibodies?

A

Protection

46
Q

What do these antibodies protect?

A

Host

47
Q

What do these antibodies protect the host from?

A

Pathogenic bacteria

48
Q

What does the normal flora synthesize and excrete in order to resist the infection?

A

Vitamin

49
Q

What is an example of a vitamin excreted and synthesized by the normal flora?

A

K

50
Q

Which flora produce the vitamin K?

A

Intestinal

51
Q

Which flora produce the vitamin K?

A

Intestinal

52
Q

What are the 2 occasions in which the normal flora could be a pathogen?

A

Opportunistic infection

Normal habitat change

53
Q

Which status does the opportunistic infection occur in?

A

Immune-compromised

54
Q

Which 2 immune-compromised status where the opportunistic infections occur in?

A

Candidiasis

After trauma

55
Q

Which patients have Candidiasis?

A

HIV

56
Q

What is an example in which the immune-compromised status occurs after trauma?

A

Post-operative abdominal abscess

57
Q

Where does the opportunistic infection also occur in?

A

Antibacterial therapy

58
Q

What does the antibacterial therapy result in?

A

Superinfection

59
Q

What does the superinfection occur with?

A

Antibiotic resistant pathogens

60
Q

What are the 2 examples of the normal flora bacteria that cause infections when their habits are changed?

A

Intestinal E.coli

Viridans streptococcus

61
Q

What does the intestinal E.coli cause?

A

Urinary Tract Infection

62
Q

What does the Viridans streptococcus cause?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

63
Q

Which patients have subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Predisposed

64
Q

Where does the Viridans streptococcus present as a normal flora in?

A

Upper respiratory tract

65
Q

What are the Probiotics?

A

Microorganisms

66
Q

Describe the microorganisms of the Probiotics

A

Live

67
Q

Describe the amounts administrated of these live microorganisms

A

Adequate

68
Q

What do these administrated adequate amounts of the live microorganisms confer?

A

Beneficial health effect

69
Q

What does this beneficial health affect?

A

Host

70
Q

What are the Prebiotics?

A

Food ingredients

71
Q

Describe these food ingredients

A

Non-digestible

72
Q

What do these food ingredients do? (2 points)

A

Affection

Stimulation

73
Q

Describe the affection and the stimulation

A

Beneficial

74
Q

What do these food ingredients beneficially affect and stimulate?

A

Normal flora

75
Q

Where is the normal flora which is beneficially affected and stimulated by these food ingredients?

A

Colon

76
Q

What feature of a disease is not shown by the carrier?

A

Symptoms

77
Q

What feature of a disease is carried by the carrier?

A

Infectious agent

78
Q

What is the carrier capable of doing with this infectious agent to other people?

A

Transmission

79
Q

Describe the contacts of this carrier

A

Unware

80
Q

What are these contacts unaware of?

A

Infection

81
Q

What aren’t restricted by the illness of these carriers?

A

Activities

82
Q

What are the 4 types of carriers?

A

Incubatory
Of subclinical infections
Convalescent
Chronic

83
Q

When do the incubatory carriers transmit their infection?

A

Before their symptoms start

84
Q

What is an example of an infection in which the incubatory carriers carry it?

A

Mumps

85
Q

Describe the subclinical infection

A

Inapparent

86
Q

What is not shown by the carriers of subclinical infection?

A

Illness

87
Q

What are the 2 examples of the subclinical infections?

A

Poliomyelitis virus

Meningo-coccal meningitis

88
Q

Describe the number of the subclinical cases before a single case appears

A

High

89
Q

When do the convalescent carriers continue to be infectious?

A

During and after the recovery

90
Q

What is an example of an infection in which the convalescent carriers carry it?

A

Salmonella

91
Q

What do the chronic carriers do with the infection?

A

Harbor

92
Q

For how long do the chronic carriers harbor the infection?

A

For a year or longer after their recovery

93
Q

What is an example of an infection in which the chronic carriers carry it?

A

Hepatitis B

Microbiology (12 decks)

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