Normal Flora Flashcards
What are the diverse microbacterial flora present in? (6 points)
Skin Mucous membrane Mouth Throat Pharynx Vagina
What are the 4 normal flora present in these sites?
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Yeast
What is are the 3 examples of Gram positive cocci normal flora?
S.epidermidis
Viridans sterptococci
Enterococci
What is an example of Gram negative cocci normal flora?
Neisseria
What is an example of Gram positive bacilli normal flora?
Diphtheria
What is an example of yeast normal flora?
Candida
When are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?
After birth
Until when are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?
Death
What are not considered members of these diverse microbacterial flora?
Viruses
Parasites
Describe these viruses and parasites which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora
Not commensals
What isn’t done by these viruses and parasites to the host ,which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora?
Aid
What are the 2 types of normal flora?
Resident bacteria
Transient
Describe the resident flora bacteria
Stable
Where are the resident flora bacteria regularly found at?
Any anatomical site
What do they do to certain tissues?
Colonization
What 3 factors make them colonize certain tissues?
Tissue tropism
Specific adherence receptors
Biofilm formation
What does the host provide for the resident flora bacteria in tissue tropism? (5 points)
Essential nutrients Growth factors Oxygen pH Temperature
Describe the oxygen, pH and temperature used for the growth of the resident flora bacteria
Suitable
What are some resident flora bacteria able to do with the biofilm? (2 points)
Construction
Colonization
Where are some resident flora bacteria able to construct the biofilm on?
Tissue surface
What is the colonized biofilm built by?
Another bacterial species
What does the balance between the microbes vary with? (3 points)
Age
Antibiotics
Disruption
Which destruction does the balance between the microbes vary with?
Normal anatomic or physiologic function
Describe the occurrence of the transient normal flora in the body
Not always present
For how long does the transient normal flora stay in the body?
Days
Weeks
Months
Describe these days, weeks and months
Few
What are the 4 functions of the normal flora?
Resistance
Stimulation
Synthesis
Secretion
What does the normal flora resist?
Infection
What are the 3 ways in which the normal flora resist the infection?
Prevention
Secretion
Antagonization
What does the normal flora prevent in order to resist the infection?
Colonization
What is this colonization of?
Pathogens
How does the normal flora prevent the colonization of the pathogens to resist the infection?
Competition
What does the normal flora compete for?
3 points
Attachment sites
Receptors
Essential nutrients
What is this known as?
Bacterial interference
What does the normal flora secrete in order to resist the infection?
Mucin
What does the normal flora prevent when it secretes mucin?
Attachment
The attachment of what is prevented when the normal flora secrete mucin?
Pathogens
What does the normal flora antagonizes in order to resist the infection?
Other bacteria
What substances antagonizes the other bacteria?
Bacteriocins
What does these substances to the other bacteria? (2 points)
Inhibition
Killing
What is stimulated by the normal flora in order to resist the infection?
Immune system
What occurs in the stimulation of the immune system?
Cross reactivity
What does the cross reactivity occur between?
Related bacteria
What are produced in response to normal flora?
Antibodies
What is the function of these antibodies?
Protection
What do these antibodies protect?
Host
What do these antibodies protect the host from?
Pathogenic bacteria
What does the normal flora synthesize and excrete in order to resist the infection?
Vitamin
What is an example of a vitamin excreted and synthesized by the normal flora?
K
Which flora produce the vitamin K?
Intestinal
Which flora produce the vitamin K?
Intestinal
What are the 2 occasions in which the normal flora could be a pathogen?
Opportunistic infection
Normal habitat change
Which status does the opportunistic infection occur in?
Immune-compromised
Which 2 immune-compromised status where the opportunistic infections occur in?
Candidiasis
After trauma
Which patients have Candidiasis?
HIV
What is an example in which the immune-compromised status occurs after trauma?
Post-operative abdominal abscess
Where does the opportunistic infection also occur in?
Antibacterial therapy
What does the antibacterial therapy result in?
Superinfection
What does the superinfection occur with?
Antibiotic resistant pathogens
What are the 2 examples of the normal flora bacteria that cause infections when their habits are changed?
Intestinal E.coli
Viridans streptococcus
What does the intestinal E.coli cause?
Urinary Tract Infection
What does the Viridans streptococcus cause?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Which patients have subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Predisposed
Where does the Viridans streptococcus present as a normal flora in?
Upper respiratory tract
What are the Probiotics?
Microorganisms
Describe the microorganisms of the Probiotics
Live
Describe the amounts administrated of these live microorganisms
Adequate
What do these administrated adequate amounts of the live microorganisms confer?
Beneficial health effect
What does this beneficial health affect?
Host
What are the Prebiotics?
Food ingredients
Describe these food ingredients
Non-digestible
What do these food ingredients do? (2 points)
Affection
Stimulation
Describe the affection and the stimulation
Beneficial
What do these food ingredients beneficially affect and stimulate?
Normal flora
Where is the normal flora which is beneficially affected and stimulated by these food ingredients?
Colon
What feature of a disease is not shown by the carrier?
Symptoms
What feature of a disease is carried by the carrier?
Infectious agent
What is the carrier capable of doing with this infectious agent to other people?
Transmission
Describe the contacts of this carrier
Unware
What are these contacts unaware of?
Infection
What aren’t restricted by the illness of these carriers?
Activities
What are the 4 types of carriers?
Incubatory
Of subclinical infections
Convalescent
Chronic
When do the incubatory carriers transmit their infection?
Before their symptoms start
What is an example of an infection in which the incubatory carriers carry it?
Mumps
Describe the subclinical infection
Inapparent
What is not shown by the carriers of subclinical infection?
Illness
What are the 2 examples of the subclinical infections?
Poliomyelitis virus
Meningo-coccal meningitis
Describe the number of the subclinical cases before a single case appears
High
When do the convalescent carriers continue to be infectious?
During and after the recovery
What is an example of an infection in which the convalescent carriers carry it?
Salmonella
What do the chronic carriers do with the infection?
Harbor
For how long do the chronic carriers harbor the infection?
For a year or longer after their recovery
What is an example of an infection in which the chronic carriers carry it?
Hepatitis B
