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Child Health > Normal Development > Flashcards

Normal Development Flashcards

1
Q

what is developed influenced by?

A

genetics
nutrition
environment

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2
Q

how is development assessed?

A

milestones

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3
Q

define developmental milestones

A

key stages when a new skill is developed

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4
Q

classification of developmental milestones

A

median age

limit age

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5
Q

define median age in terms of developmental milestones

A

age when 50% of population achieve a skill (variation is normal)

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6
Q

define limit age in terms of developmental milestones

A

age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children (2SD)

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7
Q

principles of development

A 
continuous process
affected by maturation of nervous system
sequence same, but rate varies
cephalocaudal direction (head to tail)
generalised mass activity first then more specific controlled movements
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8
Q

four areas of development

A

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

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9
Q

head control (gross motor)

A

3 months

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10
Q

sitting balance (gross motor)

A

6 months

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11
Q

crawling (gross motor)

A

9 months

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12
Q

standing (gross motor)

A

12months

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13
Q

running (gross motor)

A

18 months

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14
Q

stairs- 2 feet per tread (gross motor)

A

24 months

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15
Q

stairs- alternative feet (gross motor)

A

36 months

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16
Q

hops (gross motor)

A

48 months

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17
Q

what needs to be lost for gross motor skills to develop?

A

when primitive reflexes are lost

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18
Q

examples of primitive reflexes

A 
sucking and rooting
palmar and plantar grasp
ATNR (fencing reflex- uneven surfaces)
moro (startled when head falls back)
stepping and placing
19
Q

example of a condition where primitive reflexes may not be lost

A

cerebral palsy

20
Q

hand regard in midline (fine motor and vision)

A

3 months

21
Q

grasp toy palmar(fine motor and vision)

A

6 months

22
Q

scissor grasp (fine motor and vision)

A

9months

23
Q

pincer grasp (fine motor and vision)

A

12 months

24
Q

tower 3-4 bricks (fine motor and vision)

A

18 months

25
Q

tower 6-7/scribble (fine motor and vision)

A

24months

26
Q

tower of 9 bricks/copies circle (fine motor and vision)

A

36 months

27
Q

draws simple man (fine motor and vision)

A

48 months

28
Q

vocalises (language and hearing)

A

3 months

29
Q

babbles (language and hearing)

A

6 months

30
Q

imitates sounds (language and hearing)

A

9 months

31
Q

knows name (language and hearing)

A

12 months

32
Q

2 body parts/5-20 words (language and hearing)

A

18 months

33
Q

simple instructions/ 50+ words (language and hearing)

A

24 months

34
Q

complex instructions/ ask questions (language and hearing)

A

36 months

35
Q

can tell stories of experiences (language and hearing)

A

48 months

36
Q

social smile (social behaviour and play)

A

6 weeks

37
Q

pleasure on friendly handling (social behaviour and play)

A

3 months

38
Q

plays with feet/ friendly with strangers (social behaviour and play)

A

6months

39
Q

plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness (social behaviour and play)

A

9months

40
Q

drinks from cup/ waves bye-bye (social behaviour and play)

A

12 months

41
Q

feeds with spoon (social behaviour and play)

A

18 months

42
Q

symbolic play/ puts on clothes (social behaviour and play)

A

24 months

43
Q

pretend interactive play/ toilet trained (social behaviour and play)

A

36 months

44
Q

understands turn-taking/dresses fully (social behaviour and play)

A

48 months

Child Health (26 decks)

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