Normal Development

Question 1

what is developed influenced by?

Answer 1

genetics
nutrition
environment

Question 2

how is development assessed?

Answer 2

milestones

Question 3

define developmental milestones

Answer 3

key stages when a new skill is developed

Question 4

classification of developmental milestones

Answer 4

median age

limit age

Question 5

define median age in terms of developmental milestones

Answer 5

age when 50% of population achieve a skill (variation is normal)

Question 6

define limit age in terms of developmental milestones

Answer 6

age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children (2SD)

Question 7

principles of development

Answer 7

continuous process
affected by maturation of nervous system
sequence same, but rate varies
cephalocaudal direction (head to tail)
generalised mass activity first then more specific controlled movements

Question 8

four areas of development

Answer 8

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

Question 9

head control (gross motor)

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

sitting balance (gross motor)

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

crawling (gross motor)

Answer 11

9 months

Question 12

standing (gross motor)

Answer 12

12months

Question 13

running (gross motor)

Answer 13

18 months

Question 14

stairs- 2 feet per tread (gross motor)

Answer 14

24 months

Question 15

stairs- alternative feet (gross motor)

Answer 15

36 months

Question 16

hops (gross motor)

Answer 16

48 months

Question 17

what needs to be lost for gross motor skills to develop?

Answer 17

when primitive reflexes are lost

Question 18

examples of primitive reflexes

Answer 18

sucking and rooting
palmar and plantar grasp
ATNR (fencing reflex- uneven surfaces)
moro (startled when head falls back)
stepping and placing

Question 19

example of a condition where primitive reflexes may not be lost

Answer 19

cerebral palsy

Question 20

hand regard in midline (fine motor and vision)

Answer 20

3 months

Question 21

grasp toy palmar(fine motor and vision)

Answer 21

6 months

Question 22

scissor grasp (fine motor and vision)

Answer 22

9months

Question 23

pincer grasp (fine motor and vision)

Answer 23

12 months

Question 24

tower 3-4 bricks (fine motor and vision)

Answer 24

18 months

Question 25

tower 6-7/scribble (fine motor and vision)

Answer 25

24months

Question 26

tower of 9 bricks/copies circle (fine motor and vision)

Answer 26

36 months

Question 27

draws simple man (fine motor and vision)

Answer 27

48 months

Question 28

vocalises (language and hearing)

Answer 28

3 months

Question 29

babbles (language and hearing)

Answer 29

6 months

Question 30

imitates sounds (language and hearing)

Answer 30

9 months

Question 31

knows name (language and hearing)

Answer 31

12 months

Question 32

2 body parts/5-20 words (language and hearing)

Answer 32

18 months

Question 33

simple instructions/ 50+ words (language and hearing)

Answer 33

24 months

Question 34

complex instructions/ ask questions (language and hearing)

Answer 34

36 months

Question 35

can tell stories of experiences (language and hearing)

Answer 35

48 months

Question 36

social smile (social behaviour and play)

Answer 36

6 weeks

Question 37

pleasure on friendly handling (social behaviour and play)

Answer 37

3 months

Question 38

plays with feet/ friendly with strangers (social behaviour and play)

Answer 38

6months

Question 39

plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness (social behaviour and play)

Answer 39

9months

Question 40

drinks from cup/ waves bye-bye (social behaviour and play)

Answer 40

12 months

Question 41

feeds with spoon (social behaviour and play)

Answer 41

18 months

Question 42

symbolic play/ puts on clothes (social behaviour and play)

Answer 42

24 months

Question 43

pretend interactive play/ toilet trained (social behaviour and play)

Answer 43

36 months

Question 44

understands turn-taking/dresses fully (social behaviour and play)

Answer 44

48 months