Global Health Flashcards
top 5 under 5 mortality causes
preterm birth complications pneumonia intrapartum related complications congenital abnormalities diarrhoea (malaria)
pneumonia risk factors
malnutrition (immune system is made of proteins)
over-crowding
indoor air pollution
parental smoking
common cause of pneumonia in HIV
pneumocystic jiroveci
management of pneumocystic jiroveci
daily co-trimoxazole
when can HIV be transmitted from mother to baby?
during pregnancy
delivery
breast feeding
prevention of HIV being transmitted to the baby
- maternal lifelong antiretroviral treatment (aim for undetectable load in mother)
- screen and treat other STDs
- infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks
presentation of HIV in a baby
recurrent/severe illness oral candidiasis bacterial infections failure to thrive fever encephalopathy lymphadenopathy TB Kaposi's sarcoma PJP
diagnosis of HIV in a child
<18 months= virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA
>18 months= serological rapid antibody test
management if baby have TB and HIV
begin TB management first as risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)- NSAIDs
risk factors for developing TB
HIV
malnutrition
household contact
when should a longer course of TB management ensued?
TB meningitis
spinal or osteoarticular disease
what does the most severe form of malaria cause?
cerebral malaria
seizures
coma (can cross BBB)
diagnosis of malaria
blood film for microscopy (anaemia due to destruction of red blood cells and hypoglycaemia)
management of malaria
ACT for 3 days
if severe IM or IV artesunate
prevention with nets
