4th Year Respiratory Flashcards
examination signs
tracheal tug subcostal recession supraclavicular indrawing nasal flaring accessory muscle use grunting
what causes grunting in children?
infants close epiglottis to increase EEP to keep alveoli open
what is peak flow related to in children
height
types of inhalers
- pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDIs)
- breath actuated inhalers (BAIs)
- drug powdered inhalers (DPIs)
examples of pMDIs
salbutamol clenil modulate (beclomethasone) seretide evohaler (salmeterol and fluticasone propionate)
can you use pMDIs with a spacer?
yes
how to use pMDIs with a spacer?
10 long and slow breaths in young children, 5 in older children
how to use pMDIs without a spacer?
press canister once and breath in until lungs feel full and hold breath for 10 seconds
how many puffs of a pMDIs be taken?
10, one a minute
examples of breath actuated inhalers?
flutiform
salbutamol easi-breathe
how do BAI work?
trigger by patient breath
can BAI be used with a spacer?
no
examples of drug powdered inhalers (DPIs)
turbohaler (8 and up) e.g. symbicort - budesonide and formoterol
accuhlaer (12 and up)
ellipta
should you rinse your mouth after use of preventer?
yes
can you suddenly stop taking preventer
no as contains steroids
management of croup
- Severe= nebulised adrenaline + dex + oxygen
- Moderate= dex + adrenaline
- Mild= dex
what is tachyitis
bacterial infection of the trachea
what is larynogmalacia
floppy larynx in babies
are <1 year olds more likely to have bronchiolitis or viral-induced wheeze?
bronchiolitis
management of bronchiolitis
supportive feeding and oxygen
palivizumab (IgG)
repeated beta-agonist therapy will not help
most likely cause of sepsis/ pneumonia in neonates?
GBS
screening of CF
trypsinogen
SIGN asthma pathway
SABA
ICS or LTRA <5
>5 add LABA or LTRA
define status asthmaticus
respiratory failure due to asthmatic attack
