Breast Feeding

Question 1

what other constituents does breast milk contain that formula milk does not?

Answer 1

immunoglobulins
anti-inflammatories
transfer factors e.g. lactoferrin
nucleotides
hormones
oligosaccharides
enzymes
white cells
viral fragments

Question 2

what is the first breast milk called?

Answer 2

colostrum

Question 3

what is needed to establish the first breast feed?

Answer 3

skin to skin contact

Question 4

what does skin-to-skin contact trigger

Answer 4

lactation
regulates temp
HR
RR
colonises baby with microbes
stimulates feeding behaviour

Question 5

what can ineffective breast feeding lead to in the mother?

Answer 5

sore nipples
engorgement
mastitis (progress to abscess)
low milk production
loss of confidence

Question 6

what can ineffective breastfeeding lead to in the child?

Answer 6

poor weight gain
jaundice
hypernatremia

Question 7

when should maternal medication be taken?

Answer 7

single dose before the baby’s longest sleep

avoid feeding for 2 hours

Question 8

what vitamin supplement should mothers breast feeding be on?

Answer 8

vitamin D

Question 9

when is exclusive breast feeding recommended?

Answer 9

first 6 months of life

Question 10

what is infant formula

Answer 10

modified cow’s milk with proteins whey or casein

Question 11

which formula milk is recommended for the first year of life?

Answer 11

whey formula as it is easier to digest

Question 12

when does transition from breast feeding to family foods happen

Answer 12

around 6 months as breastmilk no longer reaches nutritional requirements

Question 13

define weaning

Answer 13

process of introducing foods of a variety of textures, flavours, aroma and appearance

Question 14

minimum age for weaning

Answer 14

17 weeks as digestive system is too immature before this

Question 15

presentation that a child is ready for weaning

Answer 15

good head and neck control
healthy weight gain
able to reach objects to their mouth

Question 16

when should semi-skimmed milk not be given?

Answer 16

before 2

Question 17

when should skimmed milk not be given?

Answer 17

before 5

Question 18

what does late weaning have the consequence of?

Answer 18

slow growth/weight gain
nutrient deficiency
reduced susceptibility to tastes
increased risk of allergies

Question 19

complementary feeding

Answer 19

gluten free foods first (avoid risk of Coeliac’s)
allergic foods introduced one at a time
foods rich in absorbable iron given regularly (avoid nuts and seeds until 5)

Question 20

optimal dental health practises

Answer 20

introduced to cups or beakers from 6 months
tooth brushing as soon as teeth appear
reduce amount of free sugar