Immunisations

Question 1

example of pre-exposure prevention vaccines

Answer 1

childhood immunisation schedule
routine vaccines for elderly
travel vaccines
occupational vaccines
high risk clinical groups

Question 2

how can the disease course be altered?

Answer 2

immunoglobulins e.g. Hep B, rabies and varicella zoster

Question 3

define active immunity

Answer 3

weakened pathogen illicits immune response (antibodies)

Question 4

define passive immunity

Answer 4

transfer of pre-formed antibodies (immunoglobulins) by mother to baby via placenta or from a donor

Question 5

define herd immunity

Answer 5

vaccinated individuals stop transmission of the disease protecting those who cannot be immunised

Question 6

two types of vaccines

Answer 6

live

inactivated

Question 7

describe live vaccine

Answer 7

attenuated organism replicates in host e.g. measles

Question 8

different types of inactivated vaccines

Answer 8

suspension of killed organisms
subunit vaccines either toxoid or polysaccharides
conjugate vaccines

Question 9

contraindications to vaccines

Answer 9

confirmed anaphylaxis
immunosuppressed
pregnancy
egg allergy (yellow fever and flu)
severe latex allergy
acute/evolving illness

Question 10

why should immunisation schedules be stuck too?

Answer 10

coincides with period most at risk of infection

Question 11

selective vaccines for at risk groups

Answer 11

flu 
PPV23
BCG
Hep B
shingles 
travel and occupation

Question 12

how are side effects from vaccines documented?

Answer 12

yellow card scheme

Question 13

what is vaccinated at 2 months old?

Answer 13

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hep B, haemophilus influenza, menB, rotavirus and PCV

Question 14

what is vaccinated for at 3 months?

Answer 14

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenza, Hep B and rotavirus

Question 15

what is vaccinated for at 4 months?

Answer 15

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenza, Hep B, menB and PCV

Question 16

what is vaccinated for at 12-13 months

Answer 16

menB, PCV, Haemophilus influenza, MenC and MMR

Question 17

what is vaccinated for at 3 years 4 months- 5 years

Answer 17

MMR

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio

Question 18

what is vaccinated for at 2-12 years

Answer 18

flu

Question 19

what is vaccinated for at 12-13 years?

Answer 19

HPV

Question 20

what is vaccinated for at 13-14 years?

Answer 20

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and MenACWY

Question 21

what causes meningococcal disease?

Answer 21

neisseria meningitis

Question 22

peaks of incidence for meningococcal disease

Answer 22

<5 years old

15-24 years old

Question 23

define elimination of disease

Answer 23

reduction to zero of incidences of specified disease in an area

Question 24

define eradication of a disease

Answer 24

permanent reduction to zero worldwide

Question 25

what can H. influenza B cause

Answer 25

meningitis
septicaemia
epiglottits