4th Year Neonatology Flashcards
what do two doses of steroids prior to delivery decrease risk of?
RDS
sepsis
IVH
NEC
drugs given in the neonatal period
- vitamin K
- caffeine in early pre-terms
- ABIDEC (multivitamin) + sytron (iron/ sodium feredate)
what is NEC?
widespread necrosis in small and large intestine
when does NEC tend to occur?
when recovering from RDS
presentation of NEC
lethargy bloody stool bilious vomit abdominal distension temperature apnoea
diagnosis of RDS
CXR
airbronchogram has ground glass appearance
prevention of RDS
betamethasone or dexamethasone offered to all women at risk of delivery 23-35 weeks
management of RDS
low level oxygen
curosurf
aim sats at 85-93% to prevent ROP
what is IVH
bleeding into the germinal matrix
when do most IVH occur?
first day of life
RF for IVH
RDS
management ofROP
diode laser therapy
screening criteria for ROP
<1500g
<32 weeks
when does physiological jaundice occur?
2-5 days
causes of jaundice in the first 24 hours
sepsis
ABO incompatibility
RhD incompatibility
red cell anomalies e.g. spherocytosis
unconjugated jaundice causes
physiological
breast feeding
hypothyroid
galactosaemia
conjugated jaundice causes
biliary atresia
neonatal hepatitis
management of jaundice
phototherapy
exchange transfusions
what is kernicterus?
clinical feature of acute bilirubin encephalopathy due to unconjugated bilirubin accumulation in basal ganglia> CP +SNHL
BPD
oxygen requirement beyond 36 weeks + pulmonary parenchymal disease
barotrauma
continued lung growth over 2-3 years, wheezy
management of nappy rash
sudocream
if candida give clotrimazole cream
minor derm neonatal problems
strawberry naevus milia erythema toxicum stork marks neonatal acne
contraindications to breast feeding
HIV +ve mother
amiodarone
antithyroid drugs
opiates
