Normal and Abnormal Growth

Question 1

Z score

Answer 1

number of SD an individual is away from the mean

Question 2

how much percent is within 1SD of the mean

Answer 2

68%

Question 3

how much percent is within 2SD of the mean

Answer 3

95%

Question 4

why are bottle-fed babies bigger than breast fed babies?

Answer 4

lack of signalling to tell the baby to stop suckling you get from hindmilk

Question 5

average age of girls entering puberty

Answer 5

11

Question 6

average age of boys entering puberty

Answer 6

11 and 1/2 (6 months after girls)

Question 7

girls puberty staging using Tanner

Answer 7

1. thelarche= breast budding
2. adrenarche= body hair and odour
3. menarche= period usually two years post thelarche

Question 8

boys puberty staging using Tanner

Answer 8

size of genitalia

testicular volume

Question 9

define pubertal delay

Answer 9

absence of secondary sexual development in a girl aged 13 or boy aged 14

Question 10

causes of short stature

Answer 10

genetics
constitutional (will catch up)
dysmorphic syndrome e.g. Down's, Turner's, Prader-Willi, achondroplasia
endocrine
chronic disease e.g. IBD or Coeliac's
psychosocial deprivation

Question 11

investigations for growth problem

Answer 11

bloods (hormones, Coeliac’s and karotyping-Turner’s)
bone age XR (non-dominant wrist carpal bones)
dynamic function tests
MRI brain
USS uterus