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Clinical Pathology > NonRegenerative v Regenerative Anemia > Flashcards

NonRegenerative v Regenerative Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common causes of a regenerative anemia

A

blood loss
hemolysis

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2
Q

what are the general causes of a nonregenerative anemia

A

reduced erythropoiesis
ineffective erythropoiesis

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3
Q

what is the main cause of decreased production of erythropoiesis

A

renal failure and inflammation

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4
Q

if there is anemia due to inflammation, other than the typical indices used to determine anemia, what else might you see an increase in

A

total protein
WBC

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5
Q

true or false:
inflammation is an anemia of chronic disease

A

true

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6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of an anemia due to inflammation (3 steps)

A

1) shortened RBC life span
2) cytokines cause erythoid cells to be less responsive to EPO (decreasing RBC production)
3) cytokines cause a shift of Fe to storage (increase in ferritin)

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7
Q

where will there be an increase in Fe due to cytokines

A

liver
spleen
bone marrow

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8
Q

what is the most common anemia in domestic mammals

A

inflammation

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9
Q

what type of anemia does inflammation cause

A

non-regenerative

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10
Q

what is the pathogenesis of renal disease anemia (3 steps)

A

1) decrease EPO production due to damage
2) decrease clearing of metabolic wastes from plasma
3) inflammation or GI hemorrhage possible

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11
Q

what disease is commonly associated with anemia of renal damage

A

chronic renal failure / insufficiency

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12
Q

overall, what is the main cause / driving factor behind nonregenerative anemias

A

decreased erythropoiesis

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13
Q

what are some causes of anemia of erythroid hypoplasia

A

damage to erythoid precursors
damage to bone marrow
persistent decrease in EPO stimulus
persistent inhibition of erythropoiesis by cytokines

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14
Q

what can cause persistent decrease in EPO stimulus

A

decreased thyroid hormone

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15
Q

how can one confirm an erythroid hypoplasia

A

bone marrow aspirate or biopsy

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16
Q

what can cause an anemia of ineffective erythropoiesis

A

damage to erythroid precursors leading to incomplete or defective maturation of erythroid cells

17
Q

what are the characteristics often seen with a nonregenerative anemia due to inflammatory disease

A

mild to moderate anemia
inflammatory leukogram or hyperproteinemia
history & physical exam

18
Q

what are the characteristics of an anemia due to renal disease

A

mild to moderate anemia (Hct > 1/2 lower ref limit)
renal failure
azotemia & isosthenuria

19
Q

with what nonregenerative anemia is neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia often seen

A

disease causing marrow hypoplasia or aplasia

20
Q

what are the 3 most common causes of blood loss

A

hemorrhage
parasitism
removal for blood for transfusion

21
Q

explain the pathogenesis of acute blood loss

A

1) sudden loss of blood causes hypovolemia
2) body recognizes and tries to compensate
3) shift of ECF into vessels to fix hypovolemia by adding more fluid to vessels
4) dilution of erythrocytes and proteins occurs because of the added volume

22
Q

true or false:
Hct will not change in the case of an acute blood loss anemia

A

true

23
Q

in what animals would we also expect to see splenic contraction during an acute blood loss anemia

A

dogs and horses
this will increase the amount of damage RBCs present in a cytology because the spleen will not be doing as much damage control

24
Q

what are some of the causes of chronic blood loss anemia

A

parasites
GI neoplasm
fleas
ticks

25
Q

what other kind of anemia is always present in the case of a chronic blood loss anemia

A

Fe deficiency anemia

26
Q

what is the pathogenesis of chronic blood loss anemia

A

1) infection of parasites or something to cause chronic blood loss for weeks / months
2) depletion of Fe stores - leading to erythroid precusors less responsive to EPO
3) defective Hbg synthesis due to depletion – decreased MCHC
4) increase in mitoses of erythroid precursors – decreased MCV

27
Q

what is the morphology of the cells in the chronic blood loss anemia cases

A

microcytic hypochromic / microcytic normochromic

due to the Fe deficiency

28
Q

what is the pathogenesis of extravascular hemolytic anemia

A

1) initial event of immune / metabolic / traumatic / oxidative
2) macrophages recognize damage to RBCs
3) degradation of RBCs leads to degrade of Hgb

29
Q

what clinical signs are commonly seen with extravascular anemia

A

icterus & bilirubinuria

30
Q

what is the pathogenesis of intravascular hemolytic anemia

A

1) intiating event of immune, mediated , oxidative
2) marked damage to RBC
3) erythrocyte is lysed within blood vessel

31
Q

what are the common clinical signs seen with intravascular hemolytic anemia

A

hemoglobinemia
hemoglobinuria

Clinical Pathology (16 decks)

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