Evaluation of Renal Parameters Flashcards
what 2 analytes are seen as typical excretion/waste products to diagnose renal disease
urea nitrogen
creatinine
why is urea not a reliable indication of renal function
about 40% of filtered urea is reabsorbed depending on production, excretion, and reabsorption
true or false:
creatinine is excreted unchanged by the kidneys making it a good marker
true
what are some disorders that can cause decreased serum urea
low protein diets
liver failure
portosystemic shunts
increased excretion
what can decreased serum creatinine mean
reflect low muscle mass or catabolism
what state is the retention of nitrogenous metabolic waste products in serum/plasma
azotemia
what can cause pre-renal azotemia
decreased blood flow due to shock or dehydration
what can cause renal azotemia
decreased functional nephrons
what clinical (USG readings) are seen with >60% loss of functional nephrons
decreased USG
what clinical (USG readings) are seen with >75% loss of functional nephrons
decreased USG
azotemia
what can cause post-renal azotemia
obstructive uropathy
(stones/tumors/ruptures)
what is a main clinical syndrome associated with polysystemic renal failure
uremia
what disorders will cause a pre-renal azotemia
dehydration
shock
cardiovascular disease
describe the pathogenesis of pre-renal azotemia
hypovolemia leads to decreased renal blood flow/ perfusion and decreased GFR
this increases the amount of time that urea can become reabsorbed = increased urea
hypovolemia also = increased release of ADH
what are pre-renal causes of increased urea
CATABOLIC CONDITIONS
heart failure
hyperthyroidism
starvation
infection & pyrexia
CATABOLIC DRUGS
DRUGS THAT REDUCE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
GI TRACT HEMORRHAGE
