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ACLAM 2018 > NHP disease > Flashcards

NHP disease Flashcards

1
Q

Most common disease in macaque colonies

A

Diarrhea (specifically chronic colitis)

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2
Q

Most common age group for diarrhea in macaques

A

<3 years but others affected

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3
Q

Clinical signs of chronic colitis in macaques

A 
Persistent diarrhea (usually >6w duration), recurrent diarrhea episodes (>3 in 12mo period)
Growth retardation, weight loss
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4
Q

Common causes of diarrhea in macaques

A

Campylobacter
Shigella
Giardia, trichomonads, Balantidium

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic colitis in macaques

A

Multiple causes/predipsosing factors

(1) Repeated enteric infection
(2) malnutrition associated w chronic diarrhea
(3) compromised mucosal defenses
(4) dysregulation of mucosal immune response
(5) environmental stress
(6) hypersensitivity to dietary antigen and/or microbial flora

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6
Q

Location of lesions in chronic colitis of macaques

A

Cecum, cranial colon

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7
Q

Gross lesions present with chronic colitis of macaques

A

Thickened, flaccid/dilated colon
Mucosal erythema or erosion
Mucosal proliferation
Enlarged colonic LN

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8
Q

Histopath findings in chronic colitis of macaques

A 
Mucosal hyperplasia
Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate
Crypt abscesses
Herniation of glands into lymphoid nodules
Loss of goblet cells
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9
Q

Age group affected by cicatrizing ulcerative colitis?

A

Young adult - adult

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10
Q

Sequela associated with ulcerative colitis in macaques

A

secondary amyloidosis

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11
Q

cilnical signs of cicatrizing ulcerative colitis in macaques

A

weight loss
chronic diarrhea
rarely see stricture +/- obstruction (scant feces, vx, abdominal distension/bloat)

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12
Q

Gross findings in ulcerative colitis in macaques

A

annular colonic ulcers

stricture formation, partial obstruction

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13
Q

Histo findings in ulcerative colitis

A

Deep ulcers extending into mucosa
Fibroplasia/fibrosis
Lymphoid follicles prominant
Glandular dysplasia

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14
Q

Findings with gastric infarction in macaques

A

gastric infarction with ulceration
associated with conditiosn of massive tissue damage (rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitits, intussusception)
mucosal necrossis, hemorrhage, edema with thrombosis

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15
Q

Age group affected by gastric dilatation (acute bloat) in macaques?

A

Subadult to young adults in good nutritional condition

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16
Q

Predisposing factors for gastric dilatation (acute bloat) in macaques?

A

Hx of anesthesia, overfeeding, or feed restriction followed by food/water access

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17
Q

You see a young male macaque who was recently fasted and given access to a large amount of food presenting with acute collapse, a distended cranial abdomen and cutaneous ‘blisters.’ name one possiblediagnosis.

A

acute gastric dilatation

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18
Q

Most common tumor of aged macaques?

A

ileocecal adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

Clinical signs of ileocecal adenocarcinoma in macaques?

A

Weight loss, anorexia, scant feces or diarrhea, palpable mass in R cranial quadrant, fecal occult blood positive (if ulceration)

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20
Q

Most common location for metastasis of ileocecal adenocarcinoma in macaques?

A

1’: lymph nodes
2’: liver
3’: peritoneum leading to carcinomatosis

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21
Q

Common causes of rectal prolapse in macaques?

A

Stress

Diarrhea

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22
Q

Is amyloidosis in NHP primary or secondary?

A

secondary

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23
Q

Type of amyloid depositied in NHP?

A

AA

Precursor is serum Amyloid A

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24
Q

Predisposing conditions for amyloidosis in NHP?

A

chronic vascular catheterization
ulcerative colitis
chronic osteoarthritis
ASSOC WITH CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION

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25
Q

clinical signs of amyloidosis in NHP?

A

weight loss, hepatic enlargement, protein-losing enteropathy, chronic renal disease, diarrhea
normochromic normocytic anemia, hypoalbuminemia
With islet amyloid, see diabetes mellitus

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26
Q

what organs does amyloid deposit into in NHP?

A

Liver, spleen, SI, renal medulla, adrenal glands, stomach, colon

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27
Q

Gross findings with amyloidosis?

A

Enlarged tan waxy liver, friable
Pale renal medulla with papillary necrosis, erosion, hemorrhage
Small intestinal mucosa thickened and corrugated
Enlarged pale waxy spleen

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28
Q

Stain to Id amyloid on slides?

A

Congo Red– birefringent, green

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29
Q

Most common signalment for fatal fasting in macaques?

A

obese adult females

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30
Q

Clinical signs associated with fatal fasting system?

A

History of anorexia

See weight loss, sudden death, azotemia, ketonuria, glucosuria

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31
Q

Gross findings of fatal fasting syndrome?

A

Enlarged pale friable liver (hepatic lipidosis vs amyloid)
Pale soft kidneys
Abdominal fat necrosis
Abundant fat stores +/- saponification of fat

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32
Q

Microscopic findings of fatal fasting syndrome?

A

Hepatocellular and renal tubular vacuolation with lipid

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33
Q

In what NHP species is amyloid deposition in the pancreas most likely to cause diabetes mellitus?

A

Macaca nigra (celebes crested macaque)

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34
Q

What NHP species has an absolute requirement for vitamin C in the diet?

A

all of them!

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35
Q

What are clinical signs with scurvy in NHP?

A

Rhesus–>lameness, periarticular hemorrhage, cutaneous bruising, gingival hemorrhage, loose teeth

Squirrel monkeys– subcutaneous, subperiosteal hemorrhage of head, cephalohematomas

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36
Q

Reactive arthritis is associated with what pathogen in NHP?

A

Enteric Shigella

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37
Q

Clinical signs of reactive arthritis in NHP?

A

Lameness, joint swelling 1-2 months after episode of clinical or subclinical enteric disease
Can see severe muscle atrophy, joint contracture
ASEPTIC–>due to ab: ag complex deposition in joint

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38
Q

Common cardiovascular lesions in aged NHP?

A

Valvular endocardiosis

Atherosclerosis

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39
Q

What is the etiology of rhabdomyolysis?

A

Conspecific crush trauma- usually multiple adult females, sometimes subadult males

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40
Q

Clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis

A

Soft tissue damage of face, elbows, thighs, ankles with necrosis, hemorrhage, and edema
Pigmentary nephrosis–> Tubular necrosis and renal failure can occur w anuria

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41
Q

What species is endometriosis found in?

A

Menstruating species

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42
Q

Location of endometriosis?

A

Caudal abdomen most common- assoc with repro organs but can be found anywhere

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43
Q

Gross findings of endometriosis?

A

Firm white stellate or gunpowder foci
Soft reddish brown cystic masses (‘chocolate cyst’)
Hemoperitoneum, stricture, hydronephrosis secondary to invasion or cyst rupture

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44
Q

Microscopic diagnostic criteria of endometriosis?

A

Presence of both stroma and glandular cells

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45
Q

Most common reproductive tract tumor in macaques?

A

Uterine leiomyoma

Also see endometrial polyps

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46
Q

Macaque placentation?

A

Bidiscoidal hemochorial placentation

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47
Q

Baboon placentation?

A

Monodiscoidal hemochorial placentation

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48
Q

Marmoset placentation?

A

Bidiscoidal hemochorial placentation with formation of vascular anastamoses between placentas of twins

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49
Q

Clinical signs of Tb in NHP?

A

rapid wasting, tachypnea, cough, enlarged LN, hepatosplenomegaly
Most commonly subclinical until severe

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50
Q

Describe the grading scale for intradermal Tb test of NHP.

A

Grade 0-5
0-negative, no change
1-negative, eyelid has mild bruising
2- negative, variable erythema with NO SWELLING
3- Indeterminate, varle degree of erythema, minimal swelling or slight swelling without erythema
4- positive; Obvious swelling with drooping of the lid, varying degrees of erythema
5- positive; see swelling of eyelid (almost closed), NECROSIS of eye

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51
Q

Tuberculosis testing methods?

A

Interferon gamma test (not commercially available now)
Intradermal Tb test
Culture
PCR
Antibody detection in lateral flow system (Stat-pak)
Radiographs, CT

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52
Q

Gross findings in tuberculosis

A

Necrotizing granulomas to pyogranulomas in lung, hilar LN, liver, spleen, adrenal, bone, really any organ

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53
Q

What is the classic lesion of tuberculosis?

A

Tubercle- Granuloma with central caseation, no mineralization, usually in TB lymph nodes. Prominant multinucleat giant cells with rare acid-fast organisms

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54
Q

Primary location of infection with Mycobacterium avium?

A

See more enteric involvement than with M. Tb

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55
Q

NHP species with natural disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae?

A

Grows on cooler parts of body of sooty mangabeys, chimps

Bonus: animal model is armadillos d/t low body temps

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56
Q

Clinical signs of leprosy in NHP?

A

Nodular thickening of skin, subcutis, nerves

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57
Q

Clinical signs of Rhodococcus equi in NHP?

A

Anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea

Pyogranulomatous colitis, pneumonia, lymphadenitis

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58
Q

When do monkeys show clinical signs of Rhodococcus infection?

A

Environmental contaminant, opportunistic infection associated with SRV immunosuppression

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59
Q

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in NHP?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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60
Q

Most common signalment for Strep pneumoniae infection in NHP?

A

Young, recently stressed animals

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61
Q

Gross findings of Strep pneumoniae in NHP

A

Fibrinosuppurative meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia

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62
Q

Where does Staph aureus come from in NHP infections?

A

Commensal skin bacteria, contaminant

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63
Q

Clinical signs of Staph aureus

A

Associated with chronic catheterization, Type D retrovirus immunosuppression.
See abscesses anywhere

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64
Q

NHP species most commonly affected by Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Aotus

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65
Q

Histopathologic features of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Filamentous branching to septate bacteria with beaded appearance (looks like a conga line of bacteria)

Acanthosis with keratin crust, neutrophils, proteinaceous material

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66
Q

Pathogenesis of listeriosis in NHP.

A

Ingestion–>penetration of GI mucosal barrier–>disseminated via macrophage–>tropism for CNS and gravid uterus

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67
Q

Lesions associated with Listeria in NHP

A

Placentitis, abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death associated with septicemia (pneumonia, meningoencephalitis)

Rare dz in adults, may bee meningoencephalitis

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68
Q

Clinical signs and etiologic agent of tetanus

A

Agent- Clostridium tetani

Clinical signs- stiff gait, extensor rigidity, grimace, opisthotonus

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69
Q

Most common Shigella species in NHP?

A

Shigella flexneri

Also S. dysenteriae, S. boydii, S. sonnei

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70
Q

Transmission for Shigella?

A

fecal-oral

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71
Q

Cause of lesions with Shigella infection?

A

Shiga-toxin damages epithelial cells, stimulates fluid secretion and hemorrhage

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72
Q

Clinical signs of Shigella in NHP?

A

Leukocytosis, neutrophila with left shift, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia

Carriers common w dz in face of stress. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, colitis

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73
Q

How to diagnose Shigella

A

Culture of feces, gingival mucosa

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74
Q

Most common species of Campylobacter in NHP?

A

Campy coli, Campy jejuni

Others- C. fetus, C. laridis, C. sputorum, C. hyointestinalis, C. troglodytis

75
Q

Needs for culture of Campylobacter?

A

42C incubation temp, extra time, microaerophilic environment

76
Q

Name the two species of Helicobacter in NHP

A

H. heilmannii

H. pylori

77
Q

Clinical signs of Helicobacter in NHP

A

vomiting, subclinical

78
Q

Gross lesions of Helicobacter in NHP

A

Gastritis

79
Q

Clinical findings with Yersiniosis?

A

necrotizing enteritis, lymphadenitis, abortion/stillbirth, diarrhea, depression, vomiting, acute abdomen, hematochezia

80
Q

Pathologic findings of Yersinia in NHP?

A

Enteric–>hemorrhagic ulcerative enterocolitis

Septicemic–>foci of necrosis/abscessation in liver, spleen, mesenteric lymphadenitis

81
Q

Causative agent of Tularemia

A

Franciscella tularensis

82
Q

Gross findings of tularemia?

A

White foci of caseous necrosis in spleen, liver

Pneumonitis, glomerulitis, enteritis, lymphadenitis

83
Q

Clinical signs of Klebsiella pneumoniae in NWM?

A

suppurative lobar pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, peracute septicemia, air sacculitis in Aotus

84
Q

Cause of bloody nose syndrome in cynos?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

85
Q

Clinical signs of Moraxella in NHP

A

Mucohemorrhagic rhinitis, epistaxis

86
Q

Gross findings of Burkholderia pseudomallei in NHP?

A

paresis/paralysis associated with vertebral osteomyelitis

abscessation of lung, liver, spleen, soft tissue, skin

87
Q

Etiologic agent of meliodosis?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

88
Q

2 most common families of enveloped DNA viruses in monkeys?

A

Poxviridae

Herpesviridae

89
Q

3 subfamilies of herpesviruses in NHP?

A

Alphaherpesvirus
Betaherpesvirus
Gammaherpesvirus

90
Q

4 most common families of nonenveloped DNA viruses?

A

Adenoviridae
Polyomaviridae
Papillomaviridae
Parvoviridae

91
Q

Name 4 orthopoxviruses of significance in NHP

A

Monkeypox
Cowpox
Variola (smallpox)
Ectromelia virus (mousepox)

92
Q

Name the yatapoxviruses

A

Yaba monkey tumor virus

Yaba-like disease virus (benign epidermal monkey pox)

93
Q

Transmission of monkeypox?

A

Aerosol, direct contact, biting insects

94
Q

Gross findings of monkeypox in NHP?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia and necrosis with keratinocyte swelling
Papules, vesicles, central necrosis of skin
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Hemorrhagic necrosis of solid organs

95
Q

Natural reservoir for cowpox virus?

A

rodents

96
Q

Clinical signs of cowpox in NHP

A

Erythematous papules on face, scrotum, palmar/plantar surfaces

97
Q

Cells infected by Yaba monkey tumor virus

A

Histiocytes (others infect epithelial cells)

98
Q

Clinical signs of Yaba monkey tumor virus?

A

multiple rapidly growing SQ nodules on extremities that regress in 6-12w

99
Q

Clinical signs of Yaba-like dz virus and alternate name?

A

Alternate name- benign epidermal monkey pox, Orteca dz (found in Oregon, Texas, California)

Clinical signs–>raised cutaneous nodules w ulceration/central umbilication of face, lips, nostrils, thorax, perineum, extremities. Self-limiting w resolution in 3-4 weeks

100
Q

Inclusions found in poxviruses?

A

Intracytoplasmic

101
Q

Alphaherpesviruses found in NHP?

A

simplexvirus

varicellovirus

102
Q

Betaherpesviruses found in NHP?

A

Cytomegalovirus

103
Q

Gammaherpesviruses found in NHP?

A

Lymphocryptovirus

Rhadinovirus

104
Q

Clinical signs of simplexviruses in host species?

A

Oral or genital vesicles/ulcers

105
Q

Clinical signs of simplexviruses in aberrant species?

A

Severe dz, often fatal

106
Q

Natural host of B virus?

A

macacine herpesvirus 1

Only found in macaques

107
Q

How long does infection with B virus last?

A

Persistent lifelong infection

108
Q

Signs of B virus infection in humans?

A

Hx of exposure to macaque or fomite

Flu-like, fever, headache, vesicular rash at site of inoculation, neurologic disease leading to fatal encephalitis

109
Q

Tx for humans with herpes B

A

acyclovir

110
Q

Signs of B virus infection in macaques?

A

Only usually seen in acute phase. Vesicles progressing to ulcer on mucous membranes, skin; conjunctivitis with rare systemic disease

Intranuclear inclusions on histopath

111
Q

Host of herpesvirus papio-2

A

baboons

112
Q

Natural host of herpes T

A

aka herpesvirus tamarinus, now called Saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (SaHV-1)

natural host-squirrel monkey

113
Q

Examples of aberrant hosts with disease caused by saimiriine herpesvirus 1

A

owl monkeys, marmosets, tamarins

See fatal disease w exposure to squirrel monkeys

114
Q

Signs of human herpes simplexvirus 1 in NHP?

A

See dz in owl monkeys and callitrichids (marms and tamarins)

Clinically, grossly, microscopically indistinguishable from SaHV-1

Necrotizing vascular dermatitis, blepharitis, stomatitis, multiorgan necrosis w IN inclusions

115
Q

Clinical signs of aberrant herpesviral infection in callitrichids and 2 causative agents?

A

Causes:
human herpes simplex 1
saimiriine herpesvirus 1

Signs:
Pruritis, anorexia, depression, fever, death; excessive salivation, conjunctivitis, vesicles; CNS involvement (ataxia, paralysis, blindness, seizures)

116
Q

Cercopithecine herpesvirus-9 alternate name and clinical signs

A

aka simian varicella virus

see depression, dyspnea, vesicular or vesiculohemorrhagic dermatitis, hemorrhagic GI ulceration, pulmonary edema, systemic necrotizing lesions

117
Q

Cytomegaloviruses? species specific or wide host range

A

species-specific viruses with ubiquitous distribution

118
Q

Rhesus cytomegalovirus- etiologic agent, location of latent infection

A

Etiology: macacine herpesvirus 3

latency in renal epithelium (shed in urine)

119
Q

Lesions of rhesus CMV

A

Only see with immunosuppression
necrotizing hepatitis, splenitis, enterocolitis, pancreatitis, interstitial pneumonia, orchitis

Segmental proliferative hemorrhagic enterocolitis in SIV, also hemorrhagic encephalitis, meningomyelitis

120
Q

Type of herpesvirus that is a cause of lymphomas in NHP?

A

gammaherpesviruses

121
Q

What does callitrichine herpesvirus 3 cause, and in which species?

A

B cell lymphoma in marmosets

122
Q

Clinical signs of macacine herpesvirus 4 and in which species?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B cell lymphoma in rhesus

Also hairy leukoplakia

123
Q

Inclusion body fun! Negri bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IC or IN?

A

Rabies!

intracytoplasmic

124
Q

Inclusion body fun! Guarnieri bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IC or IN?

A

Cowpox!

intracytoplasmic (it’s a pox)

125
Q

Inclusion body fun! Bollinger bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IN or IC?

A

fowlpox virus

intracytoplasmic (it’s a pox)

126
Q

Inclusion body fun! Molluscum bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IC or IN?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

intracytoplasmic

127
Q

Inclusion body fun! Cowdry type A bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IC or IN?

A

Herpesvirus, yellow fever

intranuclear

128
Q

Inclusion body fun! Cowdry type B bodies are diagnostic for what virus or type of virus? IC or IN?

A

adenovirus, poliovirus

Intranuclear

129
Q

Which virus in macaques is associated with retroperitoneal fibromatosis

A

rhesus rhadinovirus 1 (aka rhesus fibromatosis herpesvirus)

simian retrovirus

130
Q

Rhesus rhadinovirus 2 has a tropism for what cell type?

A

CD20+ (B cells)

Causes B and T cell lymphoma in SIV or SRV infected macaques

131
Q

What do herpesvirus ateles 2 and 3 and herpesvirus saimiri 2 cause in aberrant NWM?

A

T cell lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia in owl monkeys, tamarins, marmosets, howler monkeys, spider monkeys

132
Q

Lesions of adenoviral disease in NHP?

A

often no gross lesions; may see necrosis and hemorrhage in pancreas, lung, kidney, liver

133
Q

Clinical signs of titi monkey adenovirus?

A

Hepatitis, pneumonia in titis

Self-limiting flu-like dz in humans and marmosets

134
Q

Lesions associated with simian vacuolating virus-40?

A

Multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Interstitial pneumonia
Interstitial nephritis

135
Q

Where is SV-40 latent in NHP?

A

renal epithelium, lymphocytes, oligodendrocytes

136
Q

Family and type of inclusion bodies seen with SV-40?

A

polyomaviridae

intranuclear inclusions

137
Q

Parvoviruses cause what type of inclusion bodies?

A

IN

138
Q

The following viruses are examples of what?

Filoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Arteriviridae
Togaviridae
Flaviviridae
Arenaviridae
Retroviridae
A

Enveloped RNA viral families

139
Q

Reoviridae, picornaviridae, caliciviridae, and coronaviridae are examples of what?

A

Nonenveloped RNA viral families

140
Q

What are the two most important filoviruses in NHP?

A

Marburg

Ebola

141
Q

What are reservoirs for filoviruses?

A

fruit bats

142
Q

Syndrome/signs associated with filoviruses?

A

viral hemorrhagic fevers, see DIC, lymphoid necrosis, fibrin deposition

143
Q

Type of flu virus that naturally infects NHP?

A

influenza A

Influenza B experimental in cynos

144
Q

Family for flu viruses?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

145
Q

Measles reservoir host?

A

Humans

146
Q

Transmission for measles?

A

aerosol, droplet

147
Q

Family for measles? Genus?

A

Paramyxoviridae

Morbillivirus

148
Q

Symptoms of measles in NHP?

A

Immunosuppression
OWM: bronchointerstitial pneumonia
NWM: necrotizing gastroenteritis

149
Q

Type of sensitivity reaction that results in measles rash?

A

Arthus-type reaction (localized type III hypersensitivity Ag-Ab complex)

150
Q

Species affected by paramyxovirus saguinus?

A

Saguineus sp- cotton top tamarins, moustached tamarins, white-lipped tamarins

151
Q

Family of simian hemorrhagic fever?

A

Arteriviridae

152
Q

Natural reservoir of simian hemorrhagic fever?

A

Patas monkeys (African NHP)

153
Q

Key finding for simian hemorrhagic fever?

A

Hemorrhage in proximal duodenum

154
Q

What members of togaviridae are emerging viruses in NHP?

A

Chikungunya

EEE, WEE, VEE

155
Q

Common clinical signs of flaviviruses in NHP?

A

meningoencephalitis, hemorrhagic fever

156
Q

Examples of flaviviruses?

A 
Dengue
Japanese encephalitis virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus
West Nile
Yellow Fever
Zika
157
Q

2 transmission cycles for yellow fever?

A

Urban (human + Aedes aegypti)

Sylvatic (forest primates, canopy mosquitoes)

158
Q

Main vector for urban yellow fever?

A

Aedes aegypti mosquito

159
Q

Does yellow fever cause more severe signs in OWM or NWM?

A

NWM

160
Q

Clinical signs of yellow fever?

A

fever, lethargy, jaundice, vomiting/hematemesis, hemorrhage

161
Q

What virus has both Councilman’s bodies and Torres bodies?

A

Yellow fever
Councilman body–>eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion, sign of hepatocellular apoptosis

Torres body– small, irregular IN body; intranuclear coagulum of host protein

162
Q

How is zika transmitted?

A

Arthropods, STD

163
Q

Family of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus?

A

Arenaviridae

164
Q

Causative agent of callitrichid hepatitis?

A

LCMV

165
Q

Transmission of LCMV to NHP and species affected?

A

Marmosets, other callitrichids

D/t feeding pinkies or exposure to mouse excretion

166
Q

Gross lesions of LCMV in marmosets?

A

icterus, enlarged yellow tan mottled liver, enlarged spleen, sq and muscle hemorrhage, pleural/peritoneal effusion

167
Q

Histology findings in LCMV of marmosets?

A

hepatic necrosis, Councilman’s bodies, multi-organ necrosis, phlebitis, vasculitis

168
Q

What type of virus is simian retrovirus (SRV)?

A

betaretrovirus

169
Q

What type of virus is simian t-cell leukemia virus (STLV))?

A

deltaretrovirus

170
Q

What type of virus is simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)?

A

lentivirus

171
Q

What type of virus is simian foamy virus (SFV)?

A

spumaretrovirus

172
Q

How many serotypes of SRV are there?

A

5- only 1, 2, 5 of clinical significance

173
Q

How is SRV transmitted?

A

saliva, biting, grooming, vertically

174
Q

How long does it take for an NHP to clear SRV infection?

A

They don’t - persistent infection

175
Q

Clinical signs associated with SRV in NHP?

A

Opportunistic infections with immunosuppression
Noma (cancrum otis)–>gingivitis with osteonecrosis
retroperitoneal fibromatosis

176
Q

How is STLV transmitted?

A

Breeding, breast feeding, transfusion, contaminated blood products

177
Q

Which species have worse disease with SIV: Asian or African?

A

Asian species (rhesus, cyno)

178
Q

Model virus for HIV in humans?

A

SIV or SHIV recombinant (HIV genome into SIV backbone)

179
Q

What are the three infection profiles for SIV?

A 
normal (75%), disease course 18 months
Rapid progressor (20%), death within 3-4 months 
Elite controller (5%); immune response limits viral replication
180
Q

What is the major cause of death in SIV-infected monkeys?

A

opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression

181
Q

Transmission for hepatitis A virus?

A

fecal-oral

182
Q

Reservoir for encephalomyocarditis virus?

A

rodents

183
Q

Clinical signs of encephalomyocarditis virus?

A

dyspnea, sudden death

184
Q

clinical signs of hepatitis A in NHP?

A

uncommon, nonspecific with anorexia/diarrhea in some chimps

ACLAM 2018 (17 decks)

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