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ACLAM 2018 > Hamsters (BB + P&B) > Flashcards

Hamsters (BB + P&B) Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific name: Syrian hamster

A

Mesocricetus auratus

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2
Q

Scientific name: Chinese hamster

A

Cricetulus griseus

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3
Q

Scientific name: Armenian hamster

A

Cricetulus migratorius

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4
Q

Scientific name: Djungarian hamster

A

Phodopus sungorus, Phodopus campbelli

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5
Q

Scientific name: White-tailed rat, S. African hamster

A

Mystromys albicaudatus

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6
Q

Scientific name: European hamster

A

Cricetus cricetus

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7
Q

Hamsters: diurnal or nocturnal?

A

In lab–>nocturnal

In wild–>diurnal

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8
Q

Syrian hamsters: sexual dimorphism?

A

Males have large, prominent flank glands, external testicles

Females generally larger

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9
Q

What are advantages of Syrian hamsters?

A
  1. Unique anatomical and physiological features (like cheek pouches!)
  2. Susceptible to carcinogens
  3. Metabolic dz induced through dietary manipulation
  4. Genetic dz similar to humans
  5. Relatively free of pathogens but susceptible to experimental dz
  6. Permit replication of human adenovirus
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10
Q

Name some Syrian hamster carcinogenesis models

A
  1. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma–>induced by nitrosamine, transplantable cell line (PGHAM-1)
  2. respiratory tumors –>NKK +/- hypoxia
  3. SV 40 tumor
  4. Renal tumor–>with exogenous estrogen
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11
Q

Cause of Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy?

A

defect in sarcoglycan gene (component of dystrophin complex)

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12
Q

Experimental metabolic dz in hamsters?

A
  1. Cholesterol cholelithiasis w/ excess dietary cholesterol, sucrose
  2. Diabetes mellitus
  3. Atherosclerosis
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13
Q

How to induce diabetes mellitus in hamsters?

A
  1. streptozotocin –>APA strain develop diabetes + nephropathy + coronary lesions
  2. Alloxan (less reliable, less effective)
  3. High fat diet for 3w (also get bonus obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia)
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14
Q

Original use of hamsters in research?

A

Infectious disease models

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15
Q

What day of pregnancy is the optimal time for teratogenic studies in Syrian hamsters?

A

Day 8–>ability to observe hourly fetal development of pups

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16
Q

When do eyes open in Syrian hamsters?

A

14-16d

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17
Q

Weaning age for hamsters

A

21d

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18
Q

Age at maturity for Syrian hamsters

A

6-8w

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19
Q

Life span for Syrian hamsters

A

2-3y

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20
Q

Describe the Syrian hamster cheek pouch

A
  1. Invagination in oral mucosa, used for temporary storage of food, bedding, pups when stressed
  2. No glands, rich in mast cells
  3. Highly vascular; blood supply = external carotid
  4. No lymphatic drainage (immunologically privileged
  5. Best animal system for eval of human oral cancer development
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21
Q

Primary circulating leukocyte

A

lymphocyte

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22
Q

How worried should you be about anisocytosis and polychromasia in Syrian hamsters?

A

Not very, it’s common

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23
Q

What is unique about the GIT of Syrian hamster?

A
  1. Glandular and nonglandular compartmentalized stomach
  2. Paneth cells in SI
  3. Cecal semilunar valve
  4. Pancreatic duct joins common bile duct just before entering duodenum (similar to rat/mouse, different from other mammals)
  5. Model for pancreatic carcinogenesis
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24
Q

What is unique about the pulmonary system of Syrian hamster?

A
  1. Model of chronic bronchitis d/t limited number of glandular strucutres, no respiratory bronchioles
  2. Vascular bed similar to humans (model of emphysema/COPD with IT porcine pancreatic elastase)
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25
Q

What is unique about the genitourinary system of Syrian hamster?

A
  1. Unipapillate kidneys (like mouse, rat, rabbit)
  2. Kidneys highly responsive to estrogen (bc derived from embryonic germinal ridge)
  3. Separate urethra and vaginal opening (like other rodents)
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26
Q

Which gender has larger adrenal glands and why?

A

Males 2x larger d/t zona reticularis

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27
Q

3 unique immunologic aspects of Syrian hamsters?

A
  1. Don’t reject skin allografts d/t limited MHC type (they’re all inbred)
  2. Delayed maturity of cellular immunity d/t short gestation and thymic morphology
  3. No IgD (like rabbits and pigs, it’s all a GAME)
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28
Q

Which gender of Syrian hamster has larger Harderian glands?

A

Females (more porphyrin secreted)

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29
Q

Which gender of Syrian hamster has larger flank glands?

A

Males (role in testosterone production)

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30
Q

What stimulates hibernation in Syrian hamsters?

A

Temp 5C +/-2, decreased food, decreased hours of light

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31
Q

Diploid chromosome number for Syrian hamsters

A

44 (2x the size, 2x the chromosomes of other hamsters)

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32
Q

Which vitamin do hamsters not produce like other rodents?

A

Need external B vitamins

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33
Q

Why should hamsters be fed on the ground vs in a wire hopper?

A

Their muzzles won’t fit between standard wire sizes

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34
Q

What drugs are Syrian hamsters resistant to? Sensitive to?

A

Resistant–>histamine, morphine
Sensitive–>corticosteroids
Also antibiotics (Link climbs aboard vans ever seeking gentle princess)–>lincomycin, clindamycin, ampilillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporins, gentamicin, penicillin

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35
Q

How long is hamster estrus cycle?

A

4d

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36
Q

How long is Syrian hamster gestation?

A

15-18d

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37
Q

Syrian hamster placentation?

A

Labyrinthine hemochorial placentation–>may see trophoblasts in lungs, uterus during pregnancy

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38
Q

How much space does a <60g hamster need?

A

10in2

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39
Q

How much space does a >60g hamster need?

A 
13-19in2 
AWR: 
60-80g get 13in2
80-100g get 16in2
100+g get 19in2
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40
Q

How much space does a female hamster with a litter need?

A

121in2

AWR specifies dwarf hamsters only need 25in2

41
Q

Minimum cage height for hamsters?

A

6in for caging

42
Q

AWR allowable temperature for indoor housing of hamsters?

A

60-85F

43
Q

Can hamsters be housed outdoors?

A

No according to AWR

44
Q

AWR how often should food and water receptacles be cleaned?

A

at least once q2 weeks

45
Q

AWR how often should primary enclosures be cleaned?

A

As often as necessary but at least once q2 weeks

46
Q

AWR what are acceptable methods for sanitizing primary enclosures?

A
  1. Hot water (180F)+ soap/detergent
  2. Detergent + disinfectant
  3. Live steam
47
Q

AWR how many hamster can be transported together?

A

50 (even though we all know 1 is the best answer)

48
Q

AWR How high do transport cages for hamsters need to be?

A

6in for most hamsters, 5in for dwarf hamsters

49
Q

AWR how much space is needed to transport hamsters?

A 
<5w = 5in for dwarf, 7in for other
5-10w = 7.5in for dwarf, 11in for other
>10w = 9in for dwarf, 15in for other
50
Q

Transport regs similar to other species?

A
  1. Visualize q4hrs
  2. if transport >6hrs, must ensure adequate food supply for trip
  3. 1” letters that say “Live Animal”
  4. 0.75in projecting rim for ventilation
  5. 50-85F temperatures, not <45 or >85 for 45min
51
Q

Humidity and environmental temps for hamsters?

A

68-79F, 30-70% humidity

52
Q

2 most common disease syndromes in hamsters?

A
  1. Diarrhea

2. pneumonia

53
Q

Cause of proliferative enteritis

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

54
Q

Clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Diarrhea in weanling hamsters; characteristic moist, matted fur on tail, perineum, ventral abdomen

55
Q

Type of E. coli most common in hamsters?

A

Enteroinvasive, strain 1056

56
Q

Necropsy findings for Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

Segmental ileal thickening and congestion; mesenteric lymphadenopathy, peritonitis, adhesions

57
Q

Special stains for Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

Warthin-Starry silver stain

58
Q

Diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

PCR of feces; demonstration of organism in apical cytoplasm of enterocytes

59
Q

Causative agent of Tyzzers disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

60
Q

Transmission of Tyzzers dz

A

ingestion of spores in feces

61
Q

clinical signs of Tyzzers dz

A

Diarrhea,e high mortality in weanlings or immunosuppressed

62
Q

Necropsy findings for Tyzzers dz

A

enterocolitis, lymphadenitis, necrotizing hepatitis

63
Q

diagnosis of Tyzzers dz

A

demonstration of characteristic organism in affected tissue w Giemsa or silver stain

64
Q

Organ systems most affected by Tyzzers

A

intestine, liver, cardiac muscle

65
Q

Why do hamsters get C dif diarrhea?

A
  1. They are ‘exquisitely sensitive’
  2. Inappropriate abx administration
  3. stress
  4. Experimental manipulation
  5. Heavy environmental contamination
66
Q

Pathogenesis of C dif?

A

cecal dysbiosis–>cecal hyperplasia–>bacterial overgrowth–>necrotizing cecitis–>death

67
Q

Most common serovars of Salmonella

A

Typhimurium, Enteritidis

68
Q

Histology findings of Salmonella in hamsters

A

septic thrombi in veins, venules; multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis without enteritis

69
Q

Most common species to transmit LCMV to humans

A

hamsters

70
Q

Primary reservoir of LCMV

A

mice

71
Q

Transmission of LCMV in hamsters

A

M commonly implantation of tumors w LCMV; oronasal, direct contact, fomites, aerosol

72
Q

how is LCMV shed in hamsters?

A

saliva

urine

73
Q

What ABSL level is required for experimental LCMV models

A

ABSL3

74
Q

Natural host of Sendai virus

A

mice

75
Q

Clinical signs of Sendai virus in hamsters

A

subclinical m common

mortality in newborn pups

76
Q

primary organ system affected by Sendai

A

respiratory

77
Q

diagnosis of murine adenovirus

A

IN inclusions on intestines of young hamsters (otherwise subclinical)

78
Q

2 syndromes of hamster polyomavirus

A
  1. Trichoepithelioma (enzootic)

2. Multicentric lymphoma (epizootic)

79
Q

Natural host of hamster polyomavirus

A

european hamster

80
Q

Control of hamster polyomavirus

A

Difficult d/t stability in environment; need to cull and decon colony but still could have future outbreaks

81
Q

Primary differential for runted hamsters with incisor teeth abnormalities, domed cranium, small testes, potbellied appearance

A

Hamster parvovirus

82
Q

Clinically significant protozoal infections?

A

Ha, none

83
Q

Which pinworms are hamsters susceptible to

A

All of them

84
Q

Tapeworm with direct and indirect life cycle

A

R. nana

85
Q

Differentiation of R. nana and H. diminuta

A

R. nana = hooks on scolex

H. diminuta = no hooks on scolex

86
Q

Most common mites in hamsters

A

Demodex criceti, D. aurati

87
Q

Most common malignant neoplasm in Syrian hamsters

A

lymphosarcoma

88
Q

Principal cause of death in hamsters on long-term studies

A

amyloidosis + assoc nephrotic syndrome

89
Q

sex predilection for amyloidosis in Syrian hamsters

A

females&raquo_space; males

90
Q

Classic signs of amyloidosis in syrian hamsters

A

low albumin, ascites, proteinuria

91
Q

SQ casein or LPS injection serves as a model for what dz in humans?

A

amyloidosis, Alzheimers

92
Q

Most common site of polycistic dz in Syrian hamsters

A

liver

also cecum, kidneys, ovaries, spleen

93
Q

Diagnostic necropsy findings for hamsters with atrial thrombosis

A

Thrombi in left atrium, +/- bilateral ventricular hypertrophy

94
Q

What is the most common use of Chinese hamsters?

A

Use of animals overshadowed by use of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) for cell culture to obtain heterologous protein products

95
Q

Chromosome number of Chinese hamster?

A

2n = 22

Constant diploidy in cell culture allows stable cell system for assessment of suspected mutagens or carcinogens

96
Q

How long is the estrus cycle in Chinese hamsters?

A

4 days

97
Q

How is pregnancy detected in Chinese hamsters?

A

closed vagina

dry, pale, scaly perineal tissues 4 days after mating

98
Q

Most common spontaneous disease model for Chinese hamsters?

A

Diabetes mellitus

99
Q

How is diabetes inherited in Chinese hamsters?

A

recessive inheritance of 4 genes, with the duration, severity, and constancy of glycosuria controlled by modifier genes

ACLAM 2018 (17 decks)

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