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NEW 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

DNA ligase

A

JOINS small fragments into continuous chain

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1
Q

Transcription is

A

DNA –> RNA in nucleus

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2
Q

Non-disjunction

A

change in chromosome # during MEIOSIS

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3
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Unattached nucleotides polymerized into new strand

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4
Q

Translocation

A
  • changes chromosome structure

- two NON-homologs exchange parts

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5
Q

X Chromosome Inactivation

A

-happens during embryo
development in FEMALE mammals

-male/female have one “ACTIVE X” in cells

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6
Q

Complementary Base Pairing Rules***

A
  • A with T

- G with C

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7
Q

DNA replication occurs in 5 to…

A

3 directions (new strand)

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8
Q

DNA polymerases and DNA ligase also repair DNA…

A

damaged by radiation / toxic chemicals

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9
Q

Either mother’s or father’s X may…

A

become inactive

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10
Q

DNA replication proceeds in two directions at

A

many origins of replication at once

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11
Q

Protein Therapy

A

gives patients protein they lack

     ex. clotting factor for hemophiliacs
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12
Q

Once X becomes inactivated in cell, ALL parts of cell

A

have SAME inactive X

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13
Q

Early identification of genetic disorders are important for…

A

prevention & treatment

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14
Q

Physiological Therapy

A

baby w/ PKU removes phenylalanine from diet

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15
Q

Fetal cells in AMNIOTIC fluid studied for chromosome/gene defects

A

Amniocentesis

16
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A

removal & analysis of fetal cells in CHORIN

17
Q

Gene Mapping - helps screening &…

A

treatment of genetic disorders

18
Q

Gene Therapy

A

-replace bad genes w/ normal genes

19
Q

Replication does NOT continue on..

A

5 to 3 template, forms SHORT segments

20
Q

Prenatal Diagnosis

A

determines genetic makeup of fetus

21
Q

Humans have

A

> 6 billion base pairs

22
Q

Female mammals are _______ in X chromosome inactivation

A

mosaics

ex. calico cat

23
Q

Gene disorder carriers can be found through pedigrees, …

A

biochemical analyses or genetic tests

24
Q

DNA Model is made of…

A

TWO nucleotide chains: double helix

25
Q

Occurs when homologous pair DOSENT separate during meiosis 1

A

non-disjunction

26
Q

DNA Replication takes place in…

A

-S phase of interphase

27
Q

Sugar-phosphate are

A

-sides of DNA ladder

28
Q

________ _____ hold DNA strands together

A

Hydrogen bonds

29
Q

DNA has EQUAL amounts of

A
  • “A+T”

- “G+C”

30
Q

Semiconservative replication

A

each NEW molecule consist of one old strand, one new

31
Q

Crucial to replication

A

base pairing

32
Q

DNA replication CONTINUES on _ to _ template

A

3 to 5

33
Q

Genetic info flows from DNA —>

A

RNA —> protein

34
Q

DNA synthesis is highly accurate because of…

A

proofreading enzymes (DNA polymerases)

36
Q

Translation

A

RNA –> protein in cytoplasm

Biology (13 decks)

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