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Biology > Biology Test Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Biology Test Ch. 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

order

A

classify organisms

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2
Q

organ system

A

group of organs that work together to carry out a task

  ex. respiratory system
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3
Q

tissues

A

groups of similar cells

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4
Q

cells

A
  • smallest living units

- made up of organelles

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5
Q

organelles

A

tiny organ, small enough to fit into cell

ex. nucleus - brain of cell

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6
Q

molecules

A

made up of atoms

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7
Q

atoms

A
  • smallest part of element

- has chemical properties of that element

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8
Q

entropy

A
  • amount of disorder in a system
  • unorganized amount of entropy goes up with age
  • ultimate stage of entropy = death
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9
Q

Metabolism

A
  • the sum of ALL chemical reactions going on in body
  • breakdown and synthesis of molecules
  • making energy available, building needed parts
    ex. breaking down breakfast
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10
Q

Responsiveness

A

how organisms react to their environment

ex: mouse running from eagle

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11
Q

Motility

A

ability to move

ex:crawl, fly, swim, slither

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12
Q

Reproduction

A

production of offspring

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13
Q

Asexual

A
  • single parent,

- genetically identical offspring

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14
Q

Sexual

A
  • 2 parents

- unique offspring

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15
Q

Development

A

progressive changes resulting increased size

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16
Q

Heredity

A

-involves passing of “genes” from parent to offspring

-controls “pcb” traits
physical, chemical, biological

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17
Q

genes are made of DNA but make…

A

protiens**

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18
Q

Adaptations

A
  • genetic mutations gives advantage

- a change in the gene

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19
Q

Natural Selection

A

evolutionary mechanism identified by Darwin and Wallace

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20
Q

individuals with “GOOD” variations have…

A

an advantage in a competitive environment

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21
Q

Nature “SELECTS” the most “FIT” organisms to…

A

become the parents of the next generation. FIT=sueded

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22
Q

Life formed…

A

3.8 bill years ago

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23
Q

Earth is how old?

A

4.5 billion yrs old

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24
Q

When was oxygen first created?

A

2.5 billion years ago

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25
Q

Was there oxygen when earth was first created?

A

no

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26
Q

FIRST photosynthesis occurred in…

A

bacteria….NOT plants

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27
Q

Life started in the sea then moved to…

A

land

28
Q

First things moved onto the land were…

A

plants

29
Q

First group of ANIMALS to move on land were…

A

insects

30
Q

First inverter-bra class

A

fish (came out of the water)

31
Q

fish evolved into…

A

amphibians

32
Q

amphibians made up…

A

reptiles

33
Q

Reptiles then cased

A

birds and mammals

34
Q

Ecology

A

the study of relationships between organisms and their environments

35
Q

Populations

A
  • groups of certain organisms that live in the same area
  • interbreed
    ex. fl panther, key deer
36
Q

Community

A

Anything living in same area that’s ALIVE

ex, plants, animals, bacteria (anything thats alive)

37
Q

Ecosystem

A

community and its nonliving surroundings

ex. rocks, water, air all together **EVERGLADES

38
Q

Biosphere

A

ALL ecosystems of earth

39
Q

Taxonomy

A

science of classifying organisms into different taxa

40
Q

Species

A
  • come from same group
  • structurally similar
  • interbreed

(look alike)

41
Q

Species have to be able to create…

A

FERTILE offspring

42
Q

Genus

A

includes related and similar species

43
Q

scientific name =

A

genus + species*** (underline both words, capitalize first)

ex.
- Quercus virginiana - “Live Oak”***

-Agkistrodon piscivorous - “Water Moccasin”, “Cotton Mouth”

44
Q

Family - grouping of..

A

genera

45
Q

Order - grouping of..

A

families

46
Q

Class - grouping of

A

orders

47
Q

Phylum (Zoology) or Division (Botany) grouping of…

A

classes

48
Q

Kingdom - grouping of

A

phyla or divisions

49
Q

Domain - grouping of

A

kingdoms

50
Q

Bacteria =

A

Bacteria

51
Q

Archaea =

A

Archaea

52
Q

Eukarya =

A
  • Protista
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
53
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophs
  • complex organ systems
  • eukaryotes
     ex. humans, insects, tigers
54
Q

eukaryotes have…

A

a true nucleus

55
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A
  • multicellular
  • autotrophs
  • complex organ systems
  • eukaryotes = true nucleus
    ex. trees, wildflowers
56
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A
  • single AND multi celled
  • heterotrophs
  • eukaryotes
    ex. yeasts, mushrooms
57
Q

Kingdom Protista

A
  • single AND multi-celled
  • eukaryotes
    ex. amoebas, algae
58
Q

Eugle…

A

plant, moves, eat

59
Q

Kingdom Bacteria

A
  • single celled
  • prokaryotes
    ex. E.coli, strep
60
Q

Kingdom Archaea

A
  • resemble bacteria but are NOT
  • single celled
  • prokaryotic
  • live in harsh, O2 deficient environments
    ex. found in sulfur hot springs
61
Q

Genetic similarities suggest all living things arose from…

A

single group of ancestral cells present at the dawn of life

62
Q

Hypothesis**

A

tentative generalization

63
Q

Theory**

A

hypothesis that survives repeated attempts to disprove it

64
Q

Scientific Method Steps

A 
question
hypothesis 
prediction
experiment
conclusions
65
Q

Control group

A

keep all factors the same except the one in question

65
Q

genes determine physical…

A

traits but also SOME behaviors

Biology (13 decks)

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