Chapter 6

Question 1

Cells break down glucose using ______ into ___, ____ and most importantly ATP***

Answer 1

oxygen, C02, water

Question 2

All use the SAME metabolic pathways for harvesting energy

Answer 2

• animals
• fungi
• plants
• protisa

Question 3

Major metabolic pathway requires…

Answer 3

O2 which produces GREAT amounts of ATP

Question 4

In absence of O2, some cells still harvest energy, but…

Answer 4

yield is lower

Question 5

_____ flows through ecosystems

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

Plants harvest sunlight through…

Answer 6

• photosynthesis
• energy stored in carbs
• used for plant growth

Question 7

Heterotrophs consume, directly or indirectly…

Answer 7

• energy stored by PLANTS

ex. herbivores, carnivores

Question 8

Cellular metabolism converts stored…

Answer 8

CHEMICAL energy into forms useful to cell

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

-energy molecule that POWERS chemical reactions in cell

Question 10

ATP & ADP are related _______

Answer 10

• compounds

- different in # of phosphates

Question 11

Phosphorylation

Answer 11

• transfer phosphate TO molecule

- energizes recipient MOLECULE, allows chemical reactions

Question 12

Transferring e- also transfers…

Answer 12

ENERGY in cell

Question 13

In biological systems, energy carriers transfer _______ & _______

Answer 13

e- and H+

Question 14

e- carriers include _____

Answer 14

• NADH
  ex. linx bus

NAD + 2e- + H+ —-> NADH

Question 15

Energy harvest occurs through the ______ OR _______ pathway

Answer 15

aerobic OR anaerobic

Question 16

Aerobic Pathway happens in ______, ______ and _____ _____

Answer 16

• E.T.C.
• glycolysis,
• Krebs Cycle

Question 17

Glycolysis***

Answer 17

• splits glucose into TWO pyruvate molecules
• takes place in CYTOPLASM
• 2 ATP per glucose
• 2 NADH’s

Question 18

Mitochondria is the site of _____ & ______

Answer 18

• krebs cycle

- E.T.C.

Question 19

Outer Membrane

Answer 19

-allow pyruvate & NADH to ENTER

Question 20

Inner Membrane

Answer 20

• Christae, has molecules E.T.C & ATP

- synthesizes ENZYMES

Question 21

Inner Compartment contains…

Answer 21

• DNA
• ribosomes
• enzymes of KREBS CYCLE

Question 22

Krebs Cycle breaks…

Answer 22

down ORGANIC molecules besides glucose

Question 23

E.T.C

Answer 23

1) e- from NADH & FADH2 passed in chain, flowing DOWN energy gradient
2) energy RELEASED by e- transfers goes into synthesis of ATP

Question 24

***O2 is the final…

Answer 24

e- ACCEPTOR in E.T.C.

-combines with e- and H+, forming H2O

Question 25

Anaerobic Pathway happens in _____ & _____

Answer 25

Glycolysis & Fermentation

Question 26

ALL organisms have enzymes of….

Answer 26

glycolysis

Question 27

During Fermentation, pyruvate is modified with….

Answer 27

NO further release of energy

Question 28

Alcoholic Fermentation**

Answer 28

pyruvate —> ETHANOL

(2-C) + CO2

 ex baking, making drinks

Question 29

Lactic Acid Fermentation**

Answer 29

pyruvate —> LATIC ACID

3-C

Question 30

Muscle cells rely on _____ _____ _______ when O2 supplies are low

Answer 30

lactic acid fermentation

Question 31

Fermentation yields 0 ATP BUT…

Answer 31

recycles NAD+ from NADH, which is required for glycolysis

Question 32

Fermentation is crucial to the recycling of…

Answer 32

carbon & stability of environment