Chapter 8 (PART 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell & Life Cycles…

A

1) growth
2) wound repair
3) reproduction
4) cell division

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2
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • contain info

- CONSTRUCT each part of the cell

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3
Q

Eukaryotic nucleus directs…

A

1) events in the cell
2) whole organisms
3) life cycle

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4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

-long, circular DNA molecule

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5
Q

Eukaryotes, vary in _____, _____, and _____

A

numbers, shapes, sizes

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6
Q

Linear DNA is wrapped around…

A

-histones

= balls of protein

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7
Q

In early stages of nuclear division, chromosomes consist of…

A

two IDENTICAL sister chromatids held together at CENTROMERE

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8
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

two identical copies of A chromatid

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9
Q

Centromere

A

part of chromosome that LINKS sister chromatids

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10
Q

Chromosomal ________ is essential part of cell cycle

A

duplication

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11
Q

Prokaryotes divide by _______ ______

A

binary fission

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12
Q

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

A

1) interphase

2) m phase

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13
Q

Interphase includes THREE growth phases…

A

1) G1 Phase
2) S Phase
3) G2 Phase

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14
Q

G1 Phase

A

-cell parts replicated

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15
Q

S Phase

A

-DNA is synthesized/replicated

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16
Q

G2 Phase

A
  • cells replicated

- cells prepare to divide

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17
Q

M Phase

A

-period of cell division

18
Q

Mitosis

A

-process of nuclear division

19
Q

FOUR phases of Mitosis

A

1) anaphase
2) metaphase
3) prophase
4) telephase

20
Q

Prophase

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • nucleus disappears
  • mitotic spindle forms
  • chromosomes MIXED up
21
Q

Late Prophase

A
  • nuclear envelope disappears

- spindle attaches to CHROMOSOMES at centromere

22
Q

Metaphase

A

-chromosomes align in MIDDLE of cell

23
Q

Anaphase

A
  • centromeres DIVIDE

- 2 chromatids are pulled apart by SPINDLE

24
Q

Telephase

A

-chromosomes arrive at opposite poles

nuclear envelopes REappear around each set of chromosomes

-spindle dissolves

25
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • division of cytoplasm

- differs in plant & animal cells

26
Q

Animal Cells

A
  • divide from OUTSIDE in

- ring pinches cell, forming trench that splits cell

27
Q

Plant Cells

A
  • divide from INSIDE out
  • central cell plate forms
  • splits cell
28
Q

Life Cycle of eukaryotes: process which…

A

young individual matures/reproduces

29
Q

ALL clones produced by ______

A

mitosis

30
Q

Some animals reproduce asexually by

A

budding / regeneration

31
Q

Many organisms can switch between ______ & ______ reproduction

A

sexual & asexual

32
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

fusion of gametes (sex cell), produced in specialized structures

33
Q

Ovaries

A
  • produce eggs

- found in animals & flowering plants

34
Q

Sperm are produced in the _____ of animals & ______ of flowering plants

A

testes / anthers

35
Q

In some species, each individual produces only one kind of gamete, but in

A

many species, each adult can produce BOTH kinds

36
Q

Fertilization

A
  • results in single cell Zygote

- hereditary info from both parents unite

37
Q

Zygote undergoes development…

A

period of rapid mitosis & cellular specialization

38
Q

In animals, gametes come from _____ cells

A

germ

39
Q

GERM CELLS***

A
  • REPRODUCTIVE cell found in reproductive organ

- becomes GAMETES

40
Q

SOMATIC CELLS***

A
  • BODY cells

- everything BUT reproductive cells