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Biology > Biology Test Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Biology Test Ch. 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organic

A

w/ carbon

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2
Q

Inorganic

A

lack carbon

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3
Q

Carbons key characteristic?

A

its bonding versatilely

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4
Q

Biological molecules are?

A

chains or rings of carbon

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5
Q

Functional Groups

A

small clusters of atoms that import chemical properties to MOLECULES they’re attached to

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6
Q

***Carboxyl Group

A

(-COOH)

  • functional group
  • weak organic ACID like vinegar
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7
Q

***Methyl Group

A

(-CH3)

  • functional group
  • hydrophobic, found in fats/oils
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8
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • energy reserves

- structural components

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9
Q

Monosaccharides

A
  • simple sugars
  • many have formula “C6 H12 O6”
    • ex. glucose, fructose
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10
Q

Sugars are a chain of?

A

carbon

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11
Q

Disaccharides

A

TWO simple sugars linked together

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12
Q

Sucrose

A
  • disaccharide

ex. glucose, fructose

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13
Q

Lactose

A
  • disaccharide

ex. galactose, glucose

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14
Q

see a word ending in “ose” think _____

A

sugar

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15
Q

see a word ending in “ase” think…

A

enzymes

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16
Q

Polysaccharides

A
  • chains of simple sugars

ex. cellulose, chitin

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17
Q

Starch

A

-polymer of glucose

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18
Q

Plants produce _____

A

starch

ex. energy reserves of PLANTS

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19
Q

Monomer

A

individual subunit of polysaccharides

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20
Q

Polymer

A

LONG chain, similar subunits of polysaccharides

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21
Q

Glycogen

A
  • highly branched polysaccharide

- energy reserve in ANIMALS

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22
Q

C
atomic #?
atomic mass?

A

C

  • atomic # = 6
  • atomic # = 12
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23
Q

Cellulose

A
  • LONG chains of glucose

- Hbonded to each other

23
Q

Cell walls in PLANTS made of _____

A

cellulose

24
Q

Chitin (kite-in)

A

structural material in shells of crustaceans

25
Q

Lipids

A
  • energy storage molecules
  • fats, steroids, oils
  • waterproof covering around cells
26
Q

a gram of lipids contains _____ the energy as carbs

A

twice

27
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • fats and oils

- each molecule contains a 3 -C Glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acids

28
Q

Saturated Fats

A

all CARBON atoms are bonded w/ at least 2 HYDROGENS

29
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A
  • one or more DOUBLE bonds btwn atoms

- HEALTHIER then saturated fats

30
Q

Monounsaturated Fats

A
  • one double bond

- monounsaturated healthier then poly

31
Q

Polyunsaturated Fats

A

several DOUBLE bonds

32
Q

Waxes

A

form waterproof coating on leaves, bark, fruit, feathers

33
Q

Phospholipids

A
  • makes part of the molecule water soluble

- components of cell membrane

34
Q

Steroids

A
  • made of FOUR interconnected rings of CARBON atoms

ex. sex hormones, vitamins, cholesterol

35
Q

Structural Protein

A

found in hair, nails, skin

36
Q

Regulatory Protein

A
  • regulate how often cells dived,

- regulates process in body

37
Q

Enzyme Protein

A

catalyst, speed up chemical reactions in body

38
Q

Antibodie Protein

A

-protect some animals from disease

39
Q

Polypeptides Protein

A

-made up of amino acids

***20 common amino acids

40
Q

______ are the building blocks of proteins

A

Polypeptides

41
Q

The human body has _____ proteins

A

25 - 30,000

42
Q

Way a protein bends/ folds determines its _____

A
  • function

- if bent wrong way, can cause damage/illness

43
Q

Nucleotides

A
  • monomers
  • phosphate group
  • 5-carbon sugar
  • nitrogen containing base
44
Q

The nucleotide ATP is the main energy….

A

TRANSFER substance in cells

45
Q

Nucleiac Acids are p____

A

are polymers

46
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A

-stores hereditary info

***ORDER of 4 bases in DNA is key: 
Adenine
Thymine 
Guanine
Cytosine
47
Q

Structure of DNA…

A
  • twisted helix

- hydrogen bonds

48
Q

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

A
  • aids in usage of DNA info
  • made IN nucleus of DNA*
  • has same info as DNA
49
Q

DNA molecules and chromosomes are divided…

A

into many genes

50
Q

neutrons are…

A

NEUTRAL

51
Q

neutrons =

A

atomic mass - atomic #

52
Q

evidence darwin and wallace studied…

A
  • fossils, made them think of extinction

- continental drift, changes of landscape

53
Q

CO and CO2 are…

A

inorganic

54
Q

If you know only the number of electrons in the outer shell of a neutral atom, which of the following properties could you accurately conclude…

A

bonding characteristics

55
Q

of protons and electrons are ____ in atom

A

equal

Biology (13 decks)

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