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Biology > Biology Test Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Biology Test Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic

A

w/ carbon

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2
Q

Inorganic

A

lack carbon

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3
Q

Carbons key characteristic?

A

its bonding versatilely

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4
Q

Biological molecules are?

A

chains or rings of carbon

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5
Q

Functional Groups

A

small clusters of atoms that import chemical properties to MOLECULES they’re attached to

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6
Q

***Carboxyl Group

A

(-COOH)

  • functional group
  • weak organic ACID like vinegar
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7
Q

***Methyl Group

A

(-CH3)

  • functional group
  • hydrophobic, found in fats/oils
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8
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • energy reserves

- structural components

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9
Q

Monosaccharides

A
  • simple sugars
  • many have formula “C6 H12 O6”
    • ex. glucose, fructose
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10
Q

Sugars are a chain of?

A

carbon

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11
Q

Disaccharides

A

TWO simple sugars linked together

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12
Q

Sucrose

A
  • disaccharide

ex. glucose, fructose

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13
Q

Lactose

A
  • disaccharide

ex. galactose, glucose

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14
Q

see a word ending in “ose” think _____

A

sugar

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15
Q

see a word ending in “ase” think…

A

enzymes

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16
Q

Polysaccharides

A
  • chains of simple sugars

ex. cellulose, chitin

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17
Q

Starch

A

-polymer of glucose

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18
Q

Plants produce _____

A

starch

ex. energy reserves of PLANTS

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19
Q

Monomer

A

individual subunit of polysaccharides

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20
Q

Polymer

A

LONG chain, similar subunits of polysaccharides

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21
Q

Glycogen

A
  • highly branched polysaccharide

- energy reserve in ANIMALS

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22
Q

C
atomic #?
atomic mass?

A

C

  • atomic # = 6
  • atomic # = 12
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23
Q

Cellulose

A
  • LONG chains of glucose

- Hbonded to each other

23
Q

Cell walls in PLANTS made of _____

24
Chitin (kite-in)
structural material in shells of crustaceans
25
Lipids
- energy storage molecules - fats, steroids, oils - waterproof covering around cells
26
a gram of lipids contains _____ the energy as carbs
twice
27
Triglycerides
- fats and oils | - each molecule contains a 3 -C Glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acids
28
Saturated Fats
all CARBON atoms are bonded w/ at least 2 HYDROGENS
29
Unsaturated Fats
- one or more DOUBLE bonds btwn atoms | - HEALTHIER then saturated fats
30
Monounsaturated Fats
- one double bond | - monounsaturated healthier then poly
31
Polyunsaturated Fats
several DOUBLE bonds
32
Waxes
form waterproof coating on leaves, bark, fruit, feathers
33
Phospholipids
- makes part of the molecule water soluble | - components of cell membrane
34
Steroids
- made of FOUR interconnected rings of CARBON atoms | ex. sex hormones, vitamins, cholesterol
35
Structural Protein
found in hair, nails, skin
36
Regulatory Protein
- regulate how often cells dived, | - regulates process in body
37
Enzyme Protein
catalyst, speed up chemical reactions in body
38
Antibodie Protein
-protect some animals from disease
39
Polypeptides Protein
-made up of amino acids ***20 common amino acids
40
______ are the building blocks of proteins
Polypeptides
41
The human body has _____ proteins
25 - 30,000
42
Way a protein bends/ folds determines its _____
- function | - if bent wrong way, can cause damage/illness
43
Nucleotides
- monomers - phosphate group - 5-carbon sugar - nitrogen containing base
44
The nucleotide ATP is the main energy....
TRANSFER substance in cells
45
Nucleiac Acids are p____
are polymers
46
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
-stores hereditary info ``` ***ORDER of 4 bases in DNA is key: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine ```
47
Structure of DNA...
- twisted helix | - hydrogen bonds
48
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- aids in usage of DNA info - made IN nucleus of DNA* - has same info as DNA
49
DNA molecules and chromosomes are divided...
into many genes
50
neutrons are...
NEUTRAL
51
neutrons =
atomic mass - atomic #
52
evidence darwin and wallace studied...
- fossils, made them think of extinction | - continental drift, changes of landscape
53
CO and CO2 are...
inorganic
54
If you know only the number of electrons in the outer shell of a neutral atom, which of the following properties could you accurately conclude...
bonding characteristics
55
of protons and electrons are ____ in atom
equal

Biology (13 decks)

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