Chapter 4/5 (#2)

Question 1

Intracellular Membranes

Answer 1

• synthesis, storage, transport/ export molecules

Question 2

ER:

Answer 2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 3

Smooth ER (SER)

Answer 3

• tubular
• synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, vitamin D
• detox of poisons

Question 4

Rough ER (RER)

Answer 4

• flattened sacs ribosomes

- synthesis of PROTEINS

Question 5

Transport Vesicles

Answer 5

-membrane sacs, carry ER products

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

• parallel flattened compartments
• packages lipids/ proteins

-DIRECTS transport to other sites
(mailman of cell)

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

• permanent vesicles

- contain digestive ENZYMES

Question 8

_______ recycle worn out cell parts,

break down ingested debris

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

Peroxisome

Answer 9

• breaks DOWN hydrogen peroxide
• H2O2 can damage cell
• H2O2 is byproduct of rxns

Question 10

Mitochondrion

Answer 10

• provides energy for cellular activities
• breakdown carbon containing molecules
• process is called AEROBIC RESPIRATION*

Question 11

Mitochondria are MOST abundant in cells with a…

Answer 11

• high activity level

- muscle cells have MOST mitochondria

Question 12

Mitochondria have their OWN…

Answer 12

• DNA
• ribosomes
• reproductive cycle

Question 13

Specialized Structures

Answer 13

-only found in certain cell types

Question 14

Plastids

Answer 14

• found in plants AND protistans
• harvest solar energy
• store materials

Question 15

Chloroplasts

Answer 15

• convert solar energy into chemical energy in form of CARBON compounds…
• photosynthesis
• have their own DNA
• originated via endosymbiosis

Question 16

Chromoplasts

Answer 16

• give color to fruits/flowers

- store yellow, orange, red pigments

Question 17

Leucoplasts

Answer 17

-colorless storage organelles

store starch granules, lipids, proteins

Question 18

Large Central Vacuole

Answer 18

• contains H2O, storage products
• reduces the volume of active cytoplasm &
• increases the cells SA/V ratio
• pressure of H2O keeps cells inflated that prevents wilting

Question 19

Some Large Central Vacuole contain…

Answer 19

1) poisons that protect plants from animals

2) rubber or opium

Question 20

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 20

• collets H2O, pumps out

- found in FRESH water protistans

Question 21

Flagellum

Answer 21

• found in SOME protista
• long, whip-like
  ex. sperm cells

Question 22

Cilia

Answer 22

• many short projections
• found in SOME protista
  ex. found in respiratory tract

Question 23

Cell Walls

Answer 23

• surround PLANT cells
• cellulose in PLANTS
• found in archaea, bacteria, fungi, protista

Question 24

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 24

• produced by most animal cells
• fibrous proteins/polysaccharides
• surround cells
• glues cells to one another
  ex. bones