Neurophysiology - Hu Flashcards
Electric Synapse
Uses ionic currents as the main method of communication with other cells. Here the synapses are mechanically connected via a gap junction, so current can be exchanged.
Chemical Synapse
Synapse that uses neurotransmitters as a messenger to talk to each other and pass a signal
Metabotropic Receptor
Couples with G-proteins
Ionotropic receptor
functions as a ligand-gated (activated) ion channel
Presynaptic heteroreceptor
located on presynaptic terminals
Presynaptic autoreceptor
located on presynaptic terminals, serves as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate firing and neurotransmitter release
Postsynaptic receptors
Located on postsynaptic target cells
Excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC)
positively charged ions flow into a postsynaptic cell during membrane depolarization
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
membrane potential (Vm) depolarization in postsynaptic cell (in response to excitatory impulses)
Inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC)
Negatively charged ions flow into a postsynaptic cell during membrane hyperpolarization
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
Vm hyperpolarization in postsynaptic cell (in response to excitatory impulses)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Memory, sensory processing, motor coordination, neuromuscular junction, ANS and PANS function
Norepinephrine (NE)
CNS sensory processing, cerebellar function, sleep, mood, learning, memory, anxiety, and SANS
Dopamine (DA)
Motor regulation, mood, addiction, reinforcement, olfaction, hormone control concentration, and hypoxic drive
Serotonin (5-HT)
Emotional processing, mood, appetite, sleep, pain processing, hallucinations, and reflex regulations
Histamine (H)
Sleep, sedation, and temp regulation
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
Glutamate (Glu)
Long-term potentiation, memory, major excitatory fxn in the CNS and PNS
Glycine (Gly)
Major inhibitory fxn in the CNS
Monamine Pathways in CNS
Norepinephrine (NE) - Locus Coeruleus–> cerebral cortex, limbic sys, cerebellum, and spinal cord
Serotonin (5-HT) - Raphe nuclei (RN)–> whole brain and spinal cord
Dopamine (DA) - Ventral tegmental area and Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC)–> basal ganglia, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex
Acetylcholine (ACh)–> Septal nuclei, nucleus basalis—>brain regions
G-Proteins/Second messengers
Bind GDP and GTP, coupled with metabotropic receptors (GPCRs), activate or inhibit activity of effectors,
Gs
Stimulatory, Active during high levels of cAMP
Gi
Inhibitory, Active during low levels of cAMP
Gq
Hydrolyzes, Second messenger is IP3 and DAG