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ANAT: Posterior forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of posterior forearm muscles

A

Radial n.

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2
Q

Superficial layer muscles

A

Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Anconeus

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3
Q

Deep layer muscles

A

Supinator, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor indicis

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4
Q

Brachioradialis [O]

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

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5
Q

Brachioradialis [I]

A

Distal radius, near styloid process

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6
Q

Brachioradialis [A]

A

Flexes the forearm, partially supinates from fully pronated position

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7
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus [O]

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

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8
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus [I]

A

Base of second metacarpal

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9
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus [A]

A

Extends and abducts the hand, weakly flexes forearm

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10
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis [O]

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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11
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis [I]

A

Base of third metacarpal

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12
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis [A]

A

Extends and abducts the hand; assists in forearm extension

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13
Q

Extensor digitorum [O]

A

Lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

Extensor digitorum [I]

A

Tendons to digits II, III, IV, and often (not always) V. Base of proximal phalanx, splits into central band to base of middle phalanx, and then then two side bands (collateral bands) to the distal phalanx

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15
Q

Extensor digitorum [A]

A

Extends MCP joint, PIP, and DIP joints. Assists in extending hand and forearm

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16
Q

Extensor digiti minimi [O]

A

Lateral epicondyle

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17
Q

Extensor digiti minimi [I]

A

Joins ED tendon of Digit V

18
Q

Extensor digiti minimi [A]

A

Extension of MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of digit V, minorly assists in hand an forearm extension

19
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris [O]

A

Lateral epicondyle and posterior border of the Ulna

20
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris [I]

A

Base of the fifth metacarpal

21
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris [A]

A

Extends and adducts the hand; assists in extension of the forearm

22
Q

Anconeus [O]

A

Posterior lateral epicondyle

23
Q

Anconeus [I]

A

lateral side of the proximal Ulna; including Olecranon process

24
Q

Anconeus [A]

A

Assists triceps in extending the forearm, stabalizes the elbow joint; abducts the ulna during pronation

25
Q

Supinator [O]

A

Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament of the elbow, and lateral side of the proximal Ulna

26
Q

Supinator [I]

A

Spirals around proximal radius to insert on the posterior, lateral and anterior sides of radius

27
Q

Supinator [A]

A

Supinates the forearm by swiveling radius, less powerful supinator than biceps brachii, unless fully extended.

28
Q

Outcropping (interosseous) muscles

A

Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor indicis

29
Q

Outcropping (interosseous) muscles [O]

A

Posterior side of the interosseous membrane, and adjacent parts of the ulna and radius

30
Q

Abductor pollicis longus [I]

A

Base of the metacarpal 1, laterally

31
Q

Abductor pollicis longus [A]

A

Abducts and extends the 1st carpometacarpal joint and abducts the hand

32
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis [I]

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

33
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis [A]

A

Extends CM and MCP joints of the thumb and abducts the hand

34
Q

Extensor pollicis longus [I]

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

35
Q

Extensor pollicis longus [A]

A

Extends the CM, MCP, and IP joint of the thumb. Assists in extending the hand

36
Q

Extensor indicis [I]

A

Joins ED tendon to digit II

37
Q

Extensor indicis [A]

A

Extends, MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of digit II. Slightly assists in extending the hand

38
Q

Anatomical Snuffbox

A

Area between the Extensor pollicis longus tendon and the Extensor pollicis brevis tendon
*Clinical: fractured Scaphoid is tender here.

39
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

(Elbow tendinitis) Due to excessive use of the superficial extensor muscles of the forearm.

  • Inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle and the origin of the superficial extensor mm.
  • Pain conveyed by the superficial branch of the radial n. - radiates inferiorly down posterior forearm.
40
Q

Mallet/ Baseball finger (“Jammed” finger)

A

Due to avulsion of the insertion of the extensor tendon on the distal phalanx; resulting from forceful flexion of the DIP during extension.
*Presentation: extension of all joints except the DIP which remains flexed.

41
Q

Synovial cyst of the wrist

A

Cysts of mucinous fluid called “ganglion” non-tender swellings that appear on dorsal wrist – communicates with synovial sheaths

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