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My cards > FOM 24: Muscle Fxn and Superficial Back > Flashcards

FOM 24: Muscle Fxn and Superficial Back Flashcards

0
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

in a sagittal plane around a transverse axis

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1
Q

ABduction/ADduction

A

in a coronal plane around an anterioposterior axis

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2
Q

Rotation

A

in a horizontal (transverse plane) around a vertical axis

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3
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Active muscle fibers decrease in length

Typical movement of an agonist mover - fxns to produce the desired action

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4
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

Active muscle fibers increase in length
Typical of an antagonist muscle, produces movement opposite to the agonist
*Allows for smooth, controlled movement by counteracting the force applied by the agonist muscle.

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5
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

Active muscle fibers maintain same length
Typical of a Fixator muscle - stabilizes and supports and element against the pull of an agonist.
EX: scapula fixator muscles

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6
Q

Synergistic contraction

A

Muscle contraction tends to produce motion around all possible axes

  • Neutralizers are muscles whose contraction prevents undesireable action.
  • Synergists are muscle whose contraction aides in producing desired motion while at the same time neutralizing undesired motion
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7
Q

Nerve lesions

A

usually a nerve injury that either partially or completely denervates a muscle resulting in muscle weakness or complete loss of function, respectively

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8
Q

Neutral position

A

point of balance in which all the motions characteristic of a joint may occur; typically involves minimal ligamentous tension, and the least muscular effort to maintain

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9
Q

Muscular imbalances

A

occurs when some muscles across a joint are weakened or paralyzed

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10
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

functional unit of the clavicle and scapula
*articulates with axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular (SC) joint (only bony articulation between pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton)
Can perform: Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, superior/inferior rotation

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11
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humeral head

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12
Q

Intrinsic (deep) back muscles

A
  • derived from the embryonic dorsal muscle mass
  • innervated by dorsal primary rami
  • Blood supply from dorsal branches of segmental arteries
  • Movement of the trunk and head, and maintains posture
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13
Q

Extrinsic (superficial) back muscles

A
  • Derived from the embryonic ventral muscle mass
  • Innervated by ventral primary rami
  • Blood supply from branches of subclavian and axillary aa.
  • produce movement of the upper extremity and assist in respiration
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14
Q

Trapezius m. ORIGIN

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, T1-T12 spinous processes

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15
Q

Trapezius m. INSERTION

A

Spine of scapula, acromian, lateral third of clavicle

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16
Q

Trapezius m. ACTIONS

A

Elevates and retracts pectoral girdle, superiorly rotates and stabilizes scapula

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17
Q

Trapezius m. INNERVATION

A

Spinal accessory n. (CN XI) –> motor

C3-C4 ventral rami via cervical plexus –> sensory

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18
Q

Trapezius m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Transverse cervical a.

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19
Q

Latissimus Dorsi m. ORIGIN

A

T7-L5 spinal processes, thoracolumbar fascia, dorsal sacrum, iliac crest

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20
Q

Latissimus Dorsi m. INSERTION

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

21
Q

Latissimus Dorsi m. ACTION

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus. Depresses, retracts, and inferiorly rotates scapula.

22
Q

Latissimus Dorsi m. INNERVATION

A

Thoracodorsal n.

23
Q

Latissimus Dorsi m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Thoracodorsal a.

24
Q

Rhomboideus major m. ORIGIN

A

T2-T5 Spinous processes

25
Q

Rhomboideus major m. INSERTION

A

medial border of the scapula

26
Q

Rhomboideus major m. ACTION

A

Retracts and elevates the pectoral girdle, inferiorly rotates scapula, stabilizes scapula

27
Q

Rhomboideus major m. INNERVATION

A

Dorsal scapular n. (C5)

28
Q

Rhomboideus major m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Dorsal scapular a.

29
Q

Rhomboideus minor m. ORIGIN

A

C7-T1 spinous processes

30
Q

Rhomboideus minor m. INSERTION

A

Medial border of the scapula superior to Rhomboideus major m.

31
Q

Rhomboideus minor m. ACTION

A

Retracts and elevates the pectoral girdle, inferiorly rotates the scapula, stabilizes scapula

32
Q

Rhomboideus minor m. INNERVATION

A

Dorsal scapular n. (C5)

33
Q

Rhomboideus minor m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Dorsal scapular a.

34
Q

Levator scapulae m. ORIGIN

A

Slips from posterior tubercles of C1-C4 transverse processes

35
Q

Levator scapulae m. INSERTION

A

Superior angle of the scapula

36
Q

Levator scapulae m. ACTIONS

A

Elevates pectoral girdle, inferiorly rotates scapula, extends and laterally flexes neck

37
Q

Levator scapulae m. INNERVATION

A

C3-C4 ventral rami via cervical plexus and dorsal scapular n. (C5)

38
Q

Levator scapulae m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Dorsal scapular a.

39
Q

Serratus posterior superior m. ORIGIN

A

C7-T3 spinous processes

40
Q

Serratus posterior superior m. INSERTION

A

superior borders of ribs 2-5

41
Q

Serratus posterior superior m. ACTIONS

A

Elevates ribs 2-5

42
Q

Serratus posterior superior m. INNERVATION

A

Segmentally by ventral primary rami (intercostal nerves)

43
Q

Serratus posterior superior m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Branches of the posterior intercostal aa.

44
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m. ORIGIN

A

T11-L3 spinous processes

46
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m. INSERTION

A

Inferior borders of ribs 9-12

47
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m. INNERVATION

A

segmentally by ventral primary rami (intercostal nn.)

47
Q

Transverse cervical a.

A

originates from the thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian a.

  • Courses posteriorly in the neck to the levator scapulae m.
  • Deep to trapezius m. giving ascending and descending branches that course with branches of the spinal accessory n. (CN XI) and C3-C4 ventral rami
48
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m. BLOOD SUPPLY

A

Branches of posterior intercostal aa.

49
Q

Dorsal scapular a.

A

Arises as a branch of the transverse cervical a. (50%) or a direct branch of the subclavian a. (50%)

  • Courses posteriorly in the neck deep to the levator scapulae m.
  • Deep to the Rhomboideus major and minor mm. with dorsal scapular n.
50
Q

Thoracodorsal a.

A

From the subscapular a. (a branch of the axillary a.)

  • Courses with the thoracodorsal n.
  • Deep to the Latissimus dorsi m. (entering near humeral attachment)
51
Q

Serratus posterior inferior m. ACTION

A

depresses ribs 9-12

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