FOM 25 Deep Back Muscles Flashcards
Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. INSERTION
mastoid process and superior nuchal line (capitis portion) C1-C4 transverse processes (cervicis portion)
Splenus capitus and cervicis mm. ORIGIN
Ligamentum nuchae, T1-T4 spinous process
Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. ACTIONS
Unilateral: lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation of head/neck
Bilateral: extension of head/neck
Erector spinae group ORIGIN and columns
Common tendon from posterior iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes; addition slips originate along the axial skeleton
- Intercostalis m.
- Longissimus m.
- Spinalis m.
Iliocostalis m. INSERTION
angles of the ribs (lumborum and thoracis) and cervical transverse processes
Longissimus m. INSERTION
Thoracic transverse processes and adjacent ribs (thoracis), cervical transverse processes (cervicis), mastoid process (capitis)
Spinalis m. INSERTION
Upper thoracic spinous processes (thoracis); cervical spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae (cervicis); occipital bone between nuchal lines (capitis, usually infused with semispinalis capitis
Erector spinae mg. ACTIONS
unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the trunk and head/neck
bilateral: extension of trunk and head/neck
Transversospinalis g. ORIGIN
Dorsal sacrum and posterior iliac crest, lumbar mamillary processes, cervical and thoracic transverse processes
Transversospinalis g. INSERTION
spinous processes and occipital bone
Semispinalis m.
Spans 5-6 segments, best defined in the cervical region
*Most superficial group of the transversospinalis mm.
Semispinalis cervicis
from the thoracic transverse processes to upper cervical spinous processes, up to C2 (axis)
*Superficial of the semispinalis mm. (superficial to semispinalis capitis)
Semispinalis capitis
From cervical transverse processes to occipital bone; major extensor of the head.
*Deep to the semispinalis cervicis
Multifidus m.
3-4 segments, best defined in lumbar region
*intermediate of the transversospinalis g. (deep to semispinalis m., superficial to Rotator m.)
Multifidus lumborum
Dorsal sacrum and lumbar mamillary processes to lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes
Rotator m.
1-2 segments, best defined in thoracic region
*Deepest transversospinalis g. m.
Rotator longus
Spans 2 segments
Rotator brevis
spans 1 segment
Transversospinalis g. ACTION
Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation of trunk, head/neck
Bilateral: extension of trunk head/neck
Levator costae m. ORIGIN
Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Levator costae m. INSERTION
Superior borders of ribs (1 or 2 segments inferior)
Levator costae m. ACTIONS
Elevate ribs, assist in lateral flexion
Intersegemental muscles
Interspinalis m., Intertransverse m.
- High proportion of muscle spindles, primary function is proprioception
Interspinalis m.
Between adjacent spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar regions
Intertransverse m.
Between adjacent transverse processes in the cervical and lumbar regions
Thoracolumbar fascia
Posterior, middle, and anterior layer
*investing fascia of the intrinsic back muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions
Posterior thoracolumbar fascia
Attached to the spinous processes. Thin in the thoracic region, but forms a dense aponeurosis in the lumbar region
Middle thoracolumbar fascia
Attaches to lumbar transverse processes, iliac crest, and rib 12; continues laterally with the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis m.
Anterior thoracolumbar fascia
The anterior fascia of quadratus lumborum m.
Suboccipital mm.
Contribute to the deepest layer of dorsal cervical muscles
Innervated: dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital n.
*Rectus capitis posterior m., Rectus capitis posterior minor m., Obliquus capitis posterior m., Obliquus capitis inferior m.
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
ORIGIN: Spinous process of C2 (axis)
INSERTION: Inferior nuchal line
ACTION: bilateral extension and ipsilateral, unilateral rotation of head
Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
ORIGIN: Posterior tubercle of C1 (atlas)
INSERTION: Inferior nuchal line, medial to rectus capitis posterior major m.
ACTIONS: Extension of head (bilateral)
Obliquus capitis superior m.
ORIGIN: Transverse process of C1 (atlas)
INSERTION: Occiput between nuchal lines
ACTIONS: Extension of head (bilateral), lateral flexion of head (unilateral)
Obliquus capitis inferior m.
ORIGIN: Spinous process of C2 (axis)
INSERTION: Transverse process of C1 (atlas)
ACTIONS: Ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)
Suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major m. Obliquus capitis superior m. Obliquus capitis inferior m. Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of atlas Roof: Semispinalis capitis m. Contains: Vertebral a., suboccipital n.
Suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major m. Obliquus capitis superior m. Obliquus capitis inferior m. Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of atlas Roof: Semispinalis capitis m. Contains: Vertebral a., suboccipital n.
Vertebral a.
Exits from transverse foramen of C1.
Curves medially around posterior aspect of lateral mass of atlas
Pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum
Vertebral a.
Exits from transverse foramen of C1.
Curves medially around posterior aspect of lateral mass of atlas
Pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum
Suboccipital n.
Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle
Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles
The suboccipital n. lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distibution
Suboccipital n.
Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle
Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles
The suboccipital n. lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distibution
