FOM 25 Deep Back Muscles

Question 0

Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. INSERTION

Answer 0

mastoid process and superior nuchal line (capitis portion) C1-C4 transverse processes (cervicis portion)

Question 1

Splenus capitus and cervicis mm. ORIGIN

Answer 1

Ligamentum nuchae, T1-T4 spinous process

Question 2

Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. ACTIONS

Answer 2

Unilateral: lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation of head/neck
Bilateral: extension of head/neck

Question 3

Erector spinae group ORIGIN and columns

Answer 3

Common tendon from posterior iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes; addition slips originate along the axial skeleton

• Intercostalis m.
• Longissimus m.
• Spinalis m.

Question 4

Iliocostalis m. INSERTION

Answer 4

angles of the ribs (lumborum and thoracis) and cervical transverse processes

Question 5

Longissimus m. INSERTION

Answer 5

Thoracic transverse processes and adjacent ribs (thoracis), cervical transverse processes (cervicis), mastoid process (capitis)

Question 6

Spinalis m. INSERTION

Answer 6

Upper thoracic spinous processes (thoracis); cervical spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae (cervicis); occipital bone between nuchal lines (capitis, usually infused with semispinalis capitis

Question 7

Erector spinae mg. ACTIONS

Answer 7

unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the trunk and head/neck
bilateral: extension of trunk and head/neck

Question 8

Transversospinalis g. ORIGIN

Answer 8

Dorsal sacrum and posterior iliac crest, lumbar mamillary processes, cervical and thoracic transverse processes

Question 9

Transversospinalis g. INSERTION

Answer 9

spinous processes and occipital bone

Question 10

Semispinalis m.

Answer 10

Spans 5-6 segments, best defined in the cervical region

*Most superficial group of the transversospinalis mm.

Question 11

Semispinalis cervicis

Answer 11

from the thoracic transverse processes to upper cervical spinous processes, up to C2 (axis)
*Superficial of the semispinalis mm. (superficial to semispinalis capitis)

Question 12

Semispinalis capitis

Answer 12

From cervical transverse processes to occipital bone; major extensor of the head.
*Deep to the semispinalis cervicis

Question 13

Multifidus m.

Answer 13

3-4 segments, best defined in lumbar region

*intermediate of the transversospinalis g. (deep to semispinalis m., superficial to Rotator m.)

Question 14

Multifidus lumborum

Answer 14

Dorsal sacrum and lumbar mamillary processes to lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes

Question 15

Rotator m.

Answer 15

1-2 segments, best defined in thoracic region

*Deepest transversospinalis g. m.

Question 16

Rotator longus

Answer 16

Spans 2 segments

Question 17

Rotator brevis

Answer 17

spans 1 segment

Question 18

Transversospinalis g. ACTION

Answer 18

Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation of trunk, head/neck
Bilateral: extension of trunk head/neck

Question 19

Levator costae m. ORIGIN

Answer 19

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

Question 20

Levator costae m. INSERTION

Answer 20

Superior borders of ribs (1 or 2 segments inferior)

Question 21

Levator costae m. ACTIONS

Answer 21

Elevate ribs, assist in lateral flexion

Question 22

Intersegemental muscles

Answer 22

Interspinalis m., Intertransverse m.

- High proportion of muscle spindles, primary function is proprioception

Question 23

Interspinalis m.

Answer 23

Between adjacent spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar regions

Question 24

Intertransverse m.

Answer 24

Between adjacent transverse processes in the cervical and lumbar regions

Question 25

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 25

Posterior, middle, and anterior layer | *investing fascia of the intrinsic back muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 26

Posterior thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 26

Attached to the spinous processes. Thin in the thoracic region, but forms a dense aponeurosis in the lumbar region

Question 27

Middle thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 27

Attaches to lumbar transverse processes, iliac crest, and rib 12; continues laterally with the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis m.

Question 28

Anterior thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 28

The anterior fascia of quadratus lumborum m.

Question 29

Suboccipital mm.

Answer 29

Contribute to the deepest layer of dorsal cervical muscles Innervated: dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital n. *Rectus capitis posterior m., Rectus capitis posterior minor m., Obliquus capitis posterior m., Obliquus capitis inferior m.

Question 30

Rectus capitis posterior major m.

Answer 30

ORIGIN: Spinous process of C2 (axis) INSERTION: Inferior nuchal line ACTION: bilateral extension and ipsilateral, unilateral rotation of head

Question 31

Rectus capitis posterior minor m.

Answer 31

ORIGIN: Posterior tubercle of C1 (atlas) INSERTION: Inferior nuchal line, medial to rectus capitis posterior major m. ACTIONS: Extension of head (bilateral)

Question 32

Obliquus capitis superior m.

Answer 32

ORIGIN: Transverse process of C1 (atlas) INSERTION: Occiput between nuchal lines ACTIONS: Extension of head (bilateral), lateral flexion of head (unilateral)

Question 33

Obliquus capitis inferior m.

Answer 33

ORIGIN: Spinous process of C2 (axis) INSERTION: Transverse process of C1 (atlas) ACTIONS: Ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)

Question 34

Suboccipital triangle

Answer 34

``` Rectus capitis posterior major m. Obliquus capitis superior m. Obliquus capitis inferior m. Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of atlas Roof: Semispinalis capitis m. Contains: Vertebral a., suboccipital n. ```

Question 34

Suboccipital triangle

Answer 34

``` Rectus capitis posterior major m. Obliquus capitis superior m. Obliquus capitis inferior m. Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of atlas Roof: Semispinalis capitis m. Contains: Vertebral a., suboccipital n. ```

Question 35

Vertebral a.

Answer 35

Exits from transverse foramen of C1. Curves medially around posterior aspect of lateral mass of atlas Pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum

Question 35

Vertebral a.

Answer 35

Exits from transverse foramen of C1. Curves medially around posterior aspect of lateral mass of atlas Pierces posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum

Question 36

Suboccipital n.

Answer 36

Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles The suboccipital n. lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distibution

Question 36

Suboccipital n.

Answer 36

Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles The suboccipital n. lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distibution