ANAT: Joints of Upper Extremity

Question 1

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint attachment

Answer 1

medial clavicle, sternal manubrium, and 1st costal cartilage
-Articular disc which attaches inferiorly to the 1st costal cartilage and superiorly to the medial clavicle. Anterior/posterior edges attach to fibrous joint capsule (resists superior and medial clavicular dislocation)

Question 2

Intrinsic ligaments of the SC joint

Answer 2

thickening of the anterior, posterior and superior capsule

Question 3

Extrinsic ligaments of the SC joint

Answer 3

Costoclavicular ligament, Interclavicular ligament

Question 4

Costoclavicular ligament

Answer 4

Saddle-joint
attaches the inferomedial clavical to the 1st costocartilage and rib
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle

Question 5

Interclavicular ligament

Answer 5

Spans the superior manubrium (adjacent clavicles)

*Resists lateral dislocation of the clavicle

Question 6

SC joint motion

Answer 6

Multiaxial; elevation/depression of pectoral girdle, protraction/retraction of PG, rotary motion of above movements

Question 7

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint attachments

Answer 7

Plane-type joint

Between the lateral clavicle and acromion process of the scapula

Question 8

Acromioclavicular ligament

Answer 8

Intrinsic ligament of the AC joint, thickening of superior joint capsule
Resists superior dislocation

Question 9

Coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 9

Extrinsic ligament of the AC joint, main supporting ligament.
Runs from inferolateral clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
Two portions: conoid ligament - Medial, vertically oriented, extends from root of the coracoid process
Trapezoid ligament - lateral, horizonitally oriented extending from body of coracoid process
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle - suspends scapula, and weight of the upper extremity

Question 10

Acromioclavicular joint motion

Answer 10

gliding movement of the AC joint enable rotation of the scapula

Question 11

Glenohumeral joint attachment

Answer 11

Ball-and-socket synovial joint, between glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus

Question 12

Glenoid labrum

Answer 12

fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa; slightly deepens fossa

Question 13

Fibrous joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 13

Attaches to margins of the glenoid fossa and the anatomical neck of the humerus, this and loose except at extremes of motion
Pierced by biceps brachii tendon

Question 14

Intrinsic ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 14

superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
-reinforce the anterior capsule
Coracohumeral ligament

Question 15

Coracohumeral ligament

Answer 15

-Intrinsic ligament of GH joint
attaches to base of the coracoid process and greater tubercle of the humerus
free at anterior margin but fuses with joint capsule posteriorly
*Reinforces the superior capsule and resists inferior dislocation

Question 16

Coracoacromial ligament

Answer 16

Extrinsic ligament of GH joint
Attaches at coracoid process and acromion to form the coracoacromial arch
*Prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

Question 17

Transverse humeral ligament

Answer 17

Extrinsic GH joint ligament

bridges the intertubercular groove - creates a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii m.

Question 18

Subscapular bursa

Answer 18

Between the tendon of subscapularis m. and the neck of the scapula
Communicates with the synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint

Question 19

Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

Answer 19

Superior to the supraspinatus tendon
Does not normally communicate with the joint cavity
-Reduces friction of the overlaying coracoacromial arch and the deltoid m.

Question 20

Adhesive capsulitis (GH)

Answer 20

Inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons resulting in abnormal thickening of the joint capsule = reduced range of motion

Question 21

Calcified tendonitis (GH)

Answer 21

“frozen shoulder”

Calcium deposits in the rotator cuff tendons = shoulder pain

Question 22

Glenohumeral joint motions

Answer 22

multiaxial, most mobile in the body.
-Abduction limited by the greater tubercle of the humerus, Extension limited by muscular and ligamentous tension
Joint integrity depends on the rotator cuff mm.

Question 23

Elbow joint

Answer 23

Hinge-type joint
Two articulations:
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial

Question 24

Humeroulnar articulation

Answer 24

Between the trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
-Permits flexion/extension and minimal abduction/adduction

Question 25

Humeroradial articulation

Answer 25

Between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus -Permits flexion/extension and rotation

Question 26

Intrinsic ligaments of the elbow joint

Answer 26

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament | Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

Question 27

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

Answer 27

Strong, triangular ligament (intrinsic) | Extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the Ulna

Question 28

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

Answer 28

Fan-shaped intrinsic ligament | Extends from the lateral epicondyle to and blends distally with the annular ligament of the proximal radial joint

Question 29

Radioulnar joints

Answer 29

Proximal radioulnar joint Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint

Question 30

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 30

Pivot-synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. Synovial cavity is continuous with the elbow joint

Question 31

Annular ligament

Answer 31

Holds radial head in contact with the radial notch of the Ulna Forms osseotendinous ring within which the radial head rotates

Question 32

Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint

Answer 32

Mobile radioulnar syndesmosis | Formed by the interosseous membrane uniting the radial and ulnar shafts

Question 33

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 33

Pivot-type synovial joint between the ulnar head and the ulnar notch of the distal radius contains an articular disc which attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the medial edge of the ulnar notch of the radius. Also separates the synovial cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint. - Forms a pivot for the distal radius during supination/pronation

Question 34

Radioulnar joints function

Answer 34

Support pronation/supination

Question 35

Wrist joint

Answer 35

Condyloid synovial joint between the distal radius, triangular ligament, and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral -Fibrous joint capsule extends from the distal radius and ulna to the proximal carpal bones

Question 36

Triangular ligament of the wrist

Answer 36

prevents the ulnar head from articulating with the proximal carpals. When the wrist is fully adducted, force is transmitted from the triquetrum to the ulna

Question 37

Intrinsic ligaments of the wrist joint

Answer 37

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments Radial collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 38

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments

Answer 38

Thickenings of the anterior and posterior fibrous capsule | *Limits extension and flexion of the wrist

Question 39

Radial collateral ligament of the wrist

Answer 39

Radial styloid process to scaphoid; | *Limits adduction

Question 40

Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

Answer 40

Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform; helps limit abduction

Question 41

Wrist joint motion

Answer 41

Limited rotation; is effectively biaxial | Extension/flexion; abduction/adduction, circumduction

Question 42

Transverse carpal (midcarpal) joint

Answer 42

A composite joint formed by multiple articulations between the proximal and distal carpal rows *Functions as a condyloid joint head of the capitate and hamate articulate with a socket formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones Reinforced by multiple intercarpal ligaments

Question 43

Transverse carpal joint motion

Answer 43

limited gliding in all planes, and contributes significantly to all wrist movements