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My cards > ANAT: Joints of Upper Extremity > Flashcards

ANAT: Joints of Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Sternoclavicular (SC) joint attachment

A

medial clavicle, sternal manubrium, and 1st costal cartilage
-Articular disc which attaches inferiorly to the 1st costal cartilage and superiorly to the medial clavicle. Anterior/posterior edges attach to fibrous joint capsule (resists superior and medial clavicular dislocation)

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2
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the SC joint

A

thickening of the anterior, posterior and superior capsule

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3
Q

Extrinsic ligaments of the SC joint

A

Costoclavicular ligament, Interclavicular ligament

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4
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

Saddle-joint
attaches the inferomedial clavical to the 1st costocartilage and rib
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle

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5
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A

Spans the superior manubrium (adjacent clavicles)

*Resists lateral dislocation of the clavicle

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6
Q

SC joint motion

A

Multiaxial; elevation/depression of pectoral girdle, protraction/retraction of PG, rotary motion of above movements

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7
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint attachments

A

Plane-type joint

Between the lateral clavicle and acromion process of the scapula

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8
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament

A

Intrinsic ligament of the AC joint, thickening of superior joint capsule
Resists superior dislocation

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9
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Extrinsic ligament of the AC joint, main supporting ligament.
Runs from inferolateral clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
Two portions: conoid ligament - Medial, vertically oriented, extends from root of the coracoid process
Trapezoid ligament - lateral, horizonitally oriented extending from body of coracoid process
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle - suspends scapula, and weight of the upper extremity

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10
Q

Acromioclavicular joint motion

A

gliding movement of the AC joint enable rotation of the scapula

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11
Q

Glenohumeral joint attachment

A

Ball-and-socket synovial joint, between glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus

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12
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa; slightly deepens fossa

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13
Q

Fibrous joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

A

Attaches to margins of the glenoid fossa and the anatomical neck of the humerus, this and loose except at extremes of motion
Pierced by biceps brachii tendon

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14
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
-reinforce the anterior capsule
Coracohumeral ligament

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15
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

-Intrinsic ligament of GH joint
attaches to base of the coracoid process and greater tubercle of the humerus
free at anterior margin but fuses with joint capsule posteriorly
*Reinforces the superior capsule and resists inferior dislocation

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16
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Extrinsic ligament of GH joint
Attaches at coracoid process and acromion to form the coracoacromial arch
*Prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

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17
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Extrinsic GH joint ligament

bridges the intertubercular groove - creates a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii m.

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18
Q

Subscapular bursa

A

Between the tendon of subscapularis m. and the neck of the scapula
Communicates with the synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint

19
Q

Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

A

Superior to the supraspinatus tendon
Does not normally communicate with the joint cavity
-Reduces friction of the overlaying coracoacromial arch and the deltoid m.

20
Q

Adhesive capsulitis (GH)

A

Inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons resulting in abnormal thickening of the joint capsule = reduced range of motion

21
Q

Calcified tendonitis (GH)

A

“frozen shoulder”

Calcium deposits in the rotator cuff tendons = shoulder pain

22
Q

Glenohumeral joint motions

A

multiaxial, most mobile in the body.
-Abduction limited by the greater tubercle of the humerus, Extension limited by muscular and ligamentous tension
Joint integrity depends on the rotator cuff mm.

23
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge-type joint
Two articulations:
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial

24
Q

Humeroulnar articulation

A

Between the trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
-Permits flexion/extension and minimal abduction/adduction

25
Q

Humeroradial articulation

A

Between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus
-Permits flexion/extension and rotation

26
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

27
Q

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

A

Strong, triangular ligament (intrinsic)

Extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the Ulna

28
Q

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

A

Fan-shaped intrinsic ligament

Extends from the lateral epicondyle to and blends distally with the annular ligament of the proximal radial joint

29
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Proximal radioulnar joint
Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint

30
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

Pivot-synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. Synovial cavity is continuous with the elbow joint

31
Q

Annular ligament

A

Holds radial head in contact with the radial notch of the Ulna
Forms osseotendinous ring within which the radial head rotates

32
Q

Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint

A

Mobile radioulnar syndesmosis

Formed by the interosseous membrane uniting the radial and ulnar shafts

33
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

Pivot-type synovial joint between the ulnar head and the ulnar notch of the distal radius
contains an articular disc which attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the medial edge of the ulnar notch of the radius. Also separates the synovial cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint.
- Forms a pivot for the distal radius during supination/pronation

34
Q

Radioulnar joints function

A

Support pronation/supination

35
Q

Wrist joint

A

Condyloid synovial joint between the distal radius, triangular ligament, and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral
-Fibrous joint capsule extends from the distal radius and ulna to the proximal carpal bones

36
Q

Triangular ligament of the wrist

A

prevents the ulnar head from articulating with the proximal carpals. When the wrist is fully adducted, force is transmitted from the triquetrum to the ulna

37
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the wrist joint

A

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament

38
Q

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments

A

Thickenings of the anterior and posterior fibrous capsule

*Limits extension and flexion of the wrist

39
Q

Radial collateral ligament of the wrist

A

Radial styloid process to scaphoid;

*Limits adduction

40
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

A

Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform; helps limit abduction

41
Q

Wrist joint motion

A

Limited rotation; is effectively biaxial

Extension/flexion; abduction/adduction, circumduction

42
Q

Transverse carpal (midcarpal) joint

A

A composite joint formed by multiple articulations between the proximal and distal carpal rows
*Functions as a condyloid joint
head of the capitate and hamate articulate with a socket formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones
Reinforced by multiple intercarpal ligaments

43
Q

Transverse carpal joint motion

A

limited gliding in all planes, and contributes significantly to all wrist movements

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