ANAT: Joints of Upper Extremity Flashcards
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint attachment
medial clavicle, sternal manubrium, and 1st costal cartilage
-Articular disc which attaches inferiorly to the 1st costal cartilage and superiorly to the medial clavicle. Anterior/posterior edges attach to fibrous joint capsule (resists superior and medial clavicular dislocation)
Intrinsic ligaments of the SC joint
thickening of the anterior, posterior and superior capsule
Extrinsic ligaments of the SC joint
Costoclavicular ligament, Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Saddle-joint
attaches the inferomedial clavical to the 1st costocartilage and rib
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle
Interclavicular ligament
Spans the superior manubrium (adjacent clavicles)
*Resists lateral dislocation of the clavicle
SC joint motion
Multiaxial; elevation/depression of pectoral girdle, protraction/retraction of PG, rotary motion of above movements
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint attachments
Plane-type joint
Between the lateral clavicle and acromion process of the scapula
Acromioclavicular ligament
Intrinsic ligament of the AC joint, thickening of superior joint capsule
Resists superior dislocation
Coracoclavicular ligament
Extrinsic ligament of the AC joint, main supporting ligament.
Runs from inferolateral clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
Two portions: conoid ligament - Medial, vertically oriented, extends from root of the coracoid process
Trapezoid ligament - lateral, horizonitally oriented extending from body of coracoid process
*Resists superior dislocation of the clavicle - suspends scapula, and weight of the upper extremity
Acromioclavicular joint motion
gliding movement of the AC joint enable rotation of the scapula
Glenohumeral joint attachment
Ball-and-socket synovial joint, between glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus
Glenoid labrum
fibrocartilaginous ring around the glenoid fossa; slightly deepens fossa
Fibrous joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint
Attaches to margins of the glenoid fossa and the anatomical neck of the humerus, this and loose except at extremes of motion
Pierced by biceps brachii tendon
Intrinsic ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
-reinforce the anterior capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
-Intrinsic ligament of GH joint
attaches to base of the coracoid process and greater tubercle of the humerus
free at anterior margin but fuses with joint capsule posteriorly
*Reinforces the superior capsule and resists inferior dislocation
Coracoacromial ligament
Extrinsic ligament of GH joint
Attaches at coracoid process and acromion to form the coracoacromial arch
*Prevents superior dislocation of the humerus
Transverse humeral ligament
Extrinsic GH joint ligament
bridges the intertubercular groove - creates a canal for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii m.
Subscapular bursa
Between the tendon of subscapularis m. and the neck of the scapula
Communicates with the synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
Superior to the supraspinatus tendon
Does not normally communicate with the joint cavity
-Reduces friction of the overlaying coracoacromial arch and the deltoid m.
Adhesive capsulitis (GH)
Inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons resulting in abnormal thickening of the joint capsule = reduced range of motion
Calcified tendonitis (GH)
“frozen shoulder”
Calcium deposits in the rotator cuff tendons = shoulder pain
Glenohumeral joint motions
multiaxial, most mobile in the body.
-Abduction limited by the greater tubercle of the humerus, Extension limited by muscular and ligamentous tension
Joint integrity depends on the rotator cuff mm.
Elbow joint
Hinge-type joint
Two articulations:
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Humeroulnar articulation
Between the trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
-Permits flexion/extension and minimal abduction/adduction
Humeroradial articulation
Between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus
-Permits flexion/extension and rotation
Intrinsic ligaments of the elbow joint
Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
Strong, triangular ligament (intrinsic)
Extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the Ulna
Radial (lateral) collateral ligament
Fan-shaped intrinsic ligament
Extends from the lateral epicondyle to and blends distally with the annular ligament of the proximal radial joint
Radioulnar joints
Proximal radioulnar joint
Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Pivot-synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. Synovial cavity is continuous with the elbow joint
Annular ligament
Holds radial head in contact with the radial notch of the Ulna
Forms osseotendinous ring within which the radial head rotates
Middle (intermediate) radioulnar joint
Mobile radioulnar syndesmosis
Formed by the interosseous membrane uniting the radial and ulnar shafts
Distal radioulnar joint
Pivot-type synovial joint between the ulnar head and the ulnar notch of the distal radius
contains an articular disc which attaches the styloid process of the ulna to the medial edge of the ulnar notch of the radius. Also separates the synovial cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the radiocarpal joint.
- Forms a pivot for the distal radius during supination/pronation
Radioulnar joints function
Support pronation/supination
Wrist joint
Condyloid synovial joint between the distal radius, triangular ligament, and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral
-Fibrous joint capsule extends from the distal radius and ulna to the proximal carpal bones
Triangular ligament of the wrist
prevents the ulnar head from articulating with the proximal carpals. When the wrist is fully adducted, force is transmitted from the triquetrum to the ulna
Intrinsic ligaments of the wrist joint
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
Thickenings of the anterior and posterior fibrous capsule
*Limits extension and flexion of the wrist
Radial collateral ligament of the wrist
Radial styloid process to scaphoid;
*Limits adduction
Ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist
Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform; helps limit abduction
Wrist joint motion
Limited rotation; is effectively biaxial
Extension/flexion; abduction/adduction, circumduction
Transverse carpal (midcarpal) joint
A composite joint formed by multiple articulations between the proximal and distal carpal rows
*Functions as a condyloid joint
head of the capitate and hamate articulate with a socket formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones
Reinforced by multiple intercarpal ligaments
Transverse carpal joint motion
limited gliding in all planes, and contributes significantly to all wrist movements
