Neurophysiology: Cellular components, functional anatomy, and Cerebrum Flashcards
What division of the ANS is made of autonomic nerves responsible for anabolic functions?
PSNS
What division of the ANS is made of autonomic nerves responsible for catabolic functions?
SNS
The PSNS is also called the … because of where the nerves emerge from.
Craniosacral
The SNS is also called the … because of where the nerves emerge from.
Thoracolumbar
What neuron is the most common type and has several dendrites and 1 axon extending from the cell body (i.e. motor neuron)?
Multipolar neuron
What neuron has 2 processes (1 dendrite and 1 axon) extending from the cell body at either end?
Bipolar neurons
What neurons have a single short process that divides like a “T” to form
1 long process. One end of the process receives sensory stimuli and acts as a dendrite.
The other end of the process synapses with a relay center in the brain or spinal cord and
acts as a dendrite.
Pseudounipolar
What are a group of cell bodies with in the CNS called?
Nuclei
What are a group of cell bodies with in the PNS called?
Ganglia
What type of cell is not excitable but do have membrane potentials?
Glial cells
T or F Glial cells can divide mitotically and produce more glial cells.
True
What are more abundant glial cells or neurons?
glial 5-50x more
What is the function of glial cells?
serve as supporting cells to neurons
Satellite and Schwann cell types of glial cells are found only in what system?
PNS
Type of glial cell that form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers only in the PNS. One axon is myelinated per …
Schwann cell
What type of glial cell’s are found in ganglia and provide structural support and also help
regulate and stabilize the neuronal microenvironment around ganglia. They make
cellular products to help maintain homeostasis?
Satellite Cells
What exists between satellite cells and adjacent neurons?
gap junctions
These types of glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells) are only found in what system?
CNS
This type of glial cell form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers only in the CNS. Many
axons are myelinated per…
Oligodendrocytes
The most numerous of neuroglial cells, serve a nutritive function and
also regulate the extracellular neuronal environment. They make contact with
blood vessels and CNS cells, repair damaged CNS tissue, limit diffusion of
transmitter, can terminate synaptic activity by uptake of neurotransmitter, can
synthesize neurotransmitter or precursor for neurons.
Astrocytes
The astrocyte membrane is highly permeable to … ions which enables them to buffer extracellular … ions.
K+
T or F: Astrocytes are not excitable and do not produce AP’s
True
What makes cell-to-cell connections in astrocytes?
gap junctions
What type of glial cell help maintain tight junctions of
capillaries and also cover areas of neurons at nodes of Ranvier and synapses?
Astrocytes
What type of glial cells are phagocytic cells (injury, inflammation) remove debris and foreign particles?
Microglia
What type of cells do Microglia cells originate from?
granulocyte or monocyte progenitor cells
What type of glial cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain (i.e. ventricles) and the central
canal of the spinal cord?
Ependymal cells
Modified ependymal cell that are associated with capillaries
are found in the … and produce/form CSF.
choroid plexus
What are the major form of communication between cells in the nervous system?
Chemical synapses
In the central nervous system, the post-synaptic cell is a …
2nd neuron
In the peripheral nervous system, the post- synaptic cell may be a … or an …
neuron or an effector (i.e. muscle or gland)
In the …, gray matter is on the inside (it forms a butterfly shape) surrounded by
white matter.
Spinal cord
In the …, white matter is on the inside and is surrounded by gray matter.
Cerebrum
In the cerebrum the gray matter is called ….?
Cortex
The 4 cavities of the adult brain are called?
ventricles
What is involved with formation of CSF, (active secretion of Na+ ions followed by Cl- ions)?
Choroid plexus
CSF continuously circulates through the ventricles,
emptying into the …
arachnoid villi
What is the CSF in equilibrium with in?
brain interstitial (ECF) fluid
Capillaries in the brain are “walled-in” by endothelial cells bound together with
…. and no fenestrae.
tight junctions
What substances pass freely from the blood to the CSF?
gases and lipid soluble substances
What are excluded from the CSF?
blood proteins and other macromolecules
What connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum; important for inter-hemispheric transfer?
corpus callosum
Which hemisphere does symbolic functions (linguistic, analytical, intellectual)
Left
Which hemisphere does associative functions (aesthetic, senses, moods)
Right
What are elevations of folds or crests?
gyri
What are grooves called?
Sulci
What are deep sulk which divide the hemispheres into lobes?
fissures
