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Physiology > Neurophysiology: Cellular components, functional anatomy, and Cerebrum > Flashcards

Neurophysiology: Cellular components, functional anatomy, and Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

What division of the ANS is made of autonomic nerves responsible for anabolic functions?

A

PSNS

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2
Q

What division of the ANS is made of autonomic nerves responsible for catabolic functions?

A

SNS

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3
Q

The PSNS is also called the … because of where the nerves emerge from.

A

Craniosacral

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4
Q

The SNS is also called the … because of where the nerves emerge from.

A

Thoracolumbar

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5
Q

What neuron is the most common type and has several dendrites and 1 axon extending from the cell body (i.e. motor neuron)?

A

Multipolar neuron

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6
Q

What neuron has 2 processes (1 dendrite and 1 axon) extending from the cell body at either end?

A

Bipolar neurons

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7
Q

What neurons have a single short process that divides like a “T” to form
1 long process. One end of the process receives sensory stimuli and acts as a dendrite.
The other end of the process synapses with a relay center in the brain or spinal cord and
acts as a dendrite.

A

Pseudounipolar

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8
Q

What are a group of cell bodies with in the CNS called?

A

Nuclei

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9
Q

What are a group of cell bodies with in the PNS called?

A

Ganglia

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10
Q

What type of cell is not excitable but do have membrane potentials?

A

Glial cells

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11
Q

T or F Glial cells can divide mitotically and produce more glial cells.

A

True

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12
Q

What are more abundant glial cells or neurons?

A

glial 5-50x more

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13
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

serve as supporting cells to neurons

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14
Q

Satellite and Schwann cell types of glial cells are found only in what system?

A

PNS

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15
Q

Type of glial cell that form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers only in the PNS. One axon is myelinated per …

A

Schwann cell

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16
Q

What type of glial cell’s are found in ganglia and provide structural support and also help
regulate and stabilize the neuronal microenvironment around ganglia. They make
cellular products to help maintain homeostasis?

A

Satellite Cells

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17
Q

What exists between satellite cells and adjacent neurons?

A

gap junctions

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18
Q

These types of glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells) are only found in what system?

A

CNS

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19
Q

This type of glial cell form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers only in the CNS. Many
axons are myelinated per…

A

Oligodendrocytes

20
Q

The most numerous of neuroglial cells, serve a nutritive function and
also regulate the extracellular neuronal environment. They make contact with
blood vessels and CNS cells, repair damaged CNS tissue, limit diffusion of
transmitter, can terminate synaptic activity by uptake of neurotransmitter, can
synthesize neurotransmitter or precursor for neurons.

A

Astrocytes

21
Q

The astrocyte membrane is highly permeable to … ions which enables them to buffer extracellular … ions.

A

K+

22
Q

T or F: Astrocytes are not excitable and do not produce AP’s

A

True

23
Q

What makes cell-to-cell connections in astrocytes?

A

gap junctions

24
Q

What type of glial cell help maintain tight junctions of

capillaries and also cover areas of neurons at nodes of Ranvier and synapses?

A

Astrocytes

25
Q

What type of glial cells are phagocytic cells (injury, inflammation) remove debris and foreign particles?

A

Microglia

26
Q

What type of cells do Microglia cells originate from?

A

granulocyte or monocyte progenitor cells

27
Q

What type of glial cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain (i.e. ventricles) and the central
canal of the spinal cord?

A

Ependymal cells

28
Q

Modified ependymal cell that are associated with capillaries

are found in the … and produce/form CSF.

A

choroid plexus

29
Q

What are the major form of communication between cells in the nervous system?

A

Chemical synapses

30
Q

In the central nervous system, the post-synaptic cell is a …

A

2nd neuron

31
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, the post- synaptic cell may be a … or an …

A

neuron or an effector (i.e. muscle or gland)

32
Q

In the …, gray matter is on the inside (it forms a butterfly shape) surrounded by
white matter.

A

Spinal cord

33
Q

In the …, white matter is on the inside and is surrounded by gray matter.

A

Cerebrum

34
Q

In the cerebrum the gray matter is called ….?

A

Cortex

35
Q

The 4 cavities of the adult brain are called?

A

ventricles

36
Q

What is involved with formation of CSF, (active secretion of Na+ ions followed by Cl- ions)?

A

Choroid plexus

37
Q

CSF continuously circulates through the ventricles,

emptying into the …

A

arachnoid villi

38
Q

What is the CSF in equilibrium with in?

A

brain interstitial (ECF) fluid

39
Q

Capillaries in the brain are “walled-in” by endothelial cells bound together with
…. and no fenestrae.

A

tight junctions

40
Q

What substances pass freely from the blood to the CSF?

A

gases and lipid soluble substances

41
Q

What are excluded from the CSF?

A

blood proteins and other macromolecules

42
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum; important for inter-hemispheric transfer?

A

corpus callosum

43
Q

Which hemisphere does symbolic functions (linguistic, analytical, intellectual)

A

Left

44
Q

Which hemisphere does associative functions (aesthetic, senses, moods)

A

Right

45
Q

What are elevations of folds or crests?

A

gyri

46
Q

What are grooves called?

A

Sulci

47
Q

What are deep sulk which divide the hemispheres into lobes?

A

fissures

Physiology (16 decks)

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